设为首页
加入收藏
A Synchronous Variation Process of Tibetan Plateau Vortex and Southwest Vortex
-
摘要: 青藏高原低涡（简称高原低涡）和西南涡是影响我国降水的重要天气系统，两者同步变化是引发我国西南和东部地区强降水的重要方式，而两低涡同步变化的物理过程和机理目前尚不清晰。为探究高原低涡和西南涡同步变化的物理机制，选取2020年超强超长梅雨期间一次高原低涡与西南涡同步变化过程，利用ERA5逐小时再分析资料及降水观测资料，分析两涡共存时特殊时间节点所对应的强度、结构等演变特征及位涡收支。结果显示：水平位置不重叠的高原低涡和西南涡也可发生同步变化，即强度变化特征大致相似。两低涡在同步变化之前各自的演变机理不同，但同步变化时两者的演变机理基本一致。具体地，未发生同步变化时，高原低涡主要依靠加热场作用维持东移，西南涡则依靠水平位涡通量散度作用得以维持；两涡同步变化时，两者强度变化相似，演变机理一致，两涡维持主要依靠水平位涡通量散度作用，加热场作用次之。Abstract: The synchronous variation of Tibetan Plateau vortex (TPV) and southwest vortex (SWV) is an important way to trigger heavy precipitation in southwest and eastern China. However, the physical process and mechanism of the coordinated change of two vortices are still unclear. A synchronous variation process of the TPV and SWV during the super-strong and super-long Meiyu period in 2020 (during 1-4 June of 2020) is selected to analyze the evolution characteristics of the strength and structure corresponding to the special time node (T1-T5) when two vortices coexist, as well as the potential vorticity budget with the data including the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) hourly data and the precipitation observations. It's found that during the period T1-T2, TPV moves eastward on the Tibetan Plateau. When the SWV is generated (T1), it is far away from the TPV, and it is considered that two vortices have no interaction at that time. At the time of T3, when the TPV moves to the lower slope terrain on the eastern side of the Tibetan Plateau, its intensity is significantly weakened. Also at that monment, the TPV begins to change in coordination with the SWV. During T4-T5, two vortices strengthen and continue to change synchronously, and then merge into cyclonic circulation on their east side. Combined with the intensity changes of two vortices, the TPV and SWV with non-overlapping horizontal positions can also undergo synchronous variations, when their characteristics of intensity changes are roughly similar. From the analysis results of the potential vorticity diagnostic equation, two vortices have different evolution mechanisms before the synchronous variation, but their evolution mechanisms are basically the same when the synchronous variation occurs. It can be concluded that, when there is no synchronous variation (T1-T2), the TPV mainly relies on the heating field to maintain the eastward movement, and the SWV is maintained by the horizontal potential vorticity flux divergence. When the two vortices change synchronously (T3-T5), their intensity changes are similar, and the evolution mechanisms of them are consistent. The maintenance of two vortices mainly depends on the horizontal potential vorticity flux divergence, followed by the heating field.
-
Key words:
- Tibetan Plateau vortex;
- southwest vortex;
- synchronous variation
-
图 1 2020年6月1日23:00—4日09:00高原低涡和西南涡移动轨迹(圆点代表高原低涡，三角代表西南涡，绿色表示高原低涡与西南涡共存时各自的轨迹，红色三角为西南涡生成位置, 橙色线表示青藏高原，下同) (a)及强度随时间变化(b)
Fig. 1 Trajectory (dots denote the TPV, triangles denote the SWV, green lines denote trajectories of the TPV and the SWV, the red triangle denotes the genesis location of the SWV, the orange line denotes the Tibetan Plateau, similarily hereinafer) (a) and intensity(b) of the TPV and the SWV from 2300 UTC 1 Jun to 0900 UTC 4 Jun in 2020
图 2 T1—T5时刻200 hPa位势高度(等值线，单位：gpm) 和全风速(阴影)、500 hPa位势高度(等值线，单位：gpm) 和风场(矢量)、整层水汽通量(矢量) 及水汽通量散度(阴影)
(红线分别代表南亚高压(200 hPa)和副热带高压(500 hPa)北界位置)
Fig. 2 200 hPa potential height (isolines, unit: gpm) and wind speed (the shaded), 500 hPa potential height (isolines, unit: gpm) and wind (the vector), vertically integrated water vapor flux (the vector) and the water vapor flux divergence (the shaded) at T1-T5
(red isolines denote the northern boundary of the South Asia high(200 hPa) and the subtropical high(500 hPa))
图 3 高原低涡涡度(暖色等值线；单位：10-5 s-1)、散度(填色) 垂直速度(蓝色等值线，单位：Pa·s-1) 的经向、纬向垂直剖面图及500 hPa平面图
Fig. 3 Meridional and zonal vertical profiles of vorticity (warm isolines, unit: 10-5 s-1), divergence (the shaded) and vertical velocity (blue isolines, unit: Pa·s-1) with horizontal distribution at 500 hPa for the TPV
图 5 高原低涡500 hPa位涡(阴影) 及500 hPa位涡水平、垂直位涡通量散度、加热场所引起的位涡倾向(等值线, 单位：PVU)
Fig. 5 500 hPa potential vorticity of the TPV (the shaded) and 500 hPa PV tendency (isolines, unit: PVU) caused by the horizontal and vertical potential vorticity flux divergence as well as the heating field
-
[1] 叶笃正, 高由禧. 青藏高原气象学. 北京: 科学出版社, 1979.Ye D Z, Gao Y X. Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorology. Beijing: Science Press, 1979. [2] 常祎, 郭学良, 唐洁, 等. 青藏高原夏季对流云微物理特征和降水形成机制. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(6): 720-734. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210607Chang Y, Guo X L, Tang J, et al. Microphysical characteristics and precipitation formation mechanisms of convective clouds over the Tibetan Plateau. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 720-734. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210607 [3] 陈金秋, 施晓晖. 青藏高原-孟加拉湾大气热力差异与夏季暴雨. 应用气象学报, 2022, 33(2): 244-256. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220210Chen J Q, Shi X H. Possible Effects of the difference in atmospheric heating between the Tibetan Plateau and the Bay of Bengal on spatiotemporal evolution of rainstorms. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2): 244-256. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220210 [4] 王黉, 李英, 文永仁. 川藏高原一次混合型强对流天气的观测特征. 应用气象学报, 2021, 32(5): 567-579. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210505Wang H, Li Y, Wen Y R. Observational characteristics of a hybrid severe convective event in the Sichuan-Tibet Region. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(5): 567-579. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210505 [5] 赵平, 袁溢. 2014年7月14日高原低涡降水过程观测分析. 应用气象学报, 2017, 28(5): 532-543. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170502Zhao P, Yuan Y. Characteristics of a plateau vortex precipitation event on 14 July 2014. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(5): 532-543. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170502 [6] 青藏高原气象科学研究拉萨会战组. 夏半年青藏高原500毫巴低涡切变线的研究. 北京: 科学出版社, 1981.Lhasa Group for Tibetan Plateau Meteorology Research. Research of 500 hPa Vortices and Shear Lines over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer. Beijing: Science Press, 1981. [7] 罗四维, 何梅兰, 刘晓东. 关于夏季青藏高原低涡的研究. 中国科学(B辑), 1993, 23(7): 778-784. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBXK199307015.htmLuo S W, He M L, Liu X D. The study on Tibetan Plateau vortex in summer. Chinese Science(Series B), 1993, 23(7): 778-784. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JBXK199307015.htm [8] 郁淑华, 肖玉华, 高文良. 冷空气对高原低涡移出青藏高原的影响. 应用气象学报, 2007, 18(6): 737-747. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/200706113Yu S H, Xiao Y H, Gao W L. Cold air influence on the Tibetan Plateau vortex moving out of the plateau. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2007, 18(6): 737-747. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/200706113 [9] 任素玲, 方翔, 卢乃锰, 等. 基于气象卫星的青藏高原低涡识别. 应用气象学报, 2019, 30(3): 345-359. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190308Ren S L, Fang X, Lu N M, et al. Recognition method of the Tibetan Plateau vortex based on meteoroloical satellite data. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(3): 345-359. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190308 [10] 林佳璐, 李英, 柳龙生. 风暴-低涡影响下青藏高原一次强降水过程. 应用气象学报, 2023, 34(2): 166-178. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230204Lin J L, Li Y, Liu L S. A heavy precipitation process over the Tibetan Plateau under the joint effects of a tropical cyclone and vortex. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(2): 166-178. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230204 [11] 卢敬华. 西南低涡概论. 北京: 气象出版社, 1986.Lu J H. Outline of Southwest Vortex. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 1986. [12] 李国平. 青藏高原动力气象学. 北京: 气象出版社, 2007.Li G P. Dynamic Meteorology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 2007. [13] 陈启智, 黄亦武, 王其伟, 等. 1990-2004年西南低涡活动的统计研究. 南京大学学报(自然科学版), 2007, 43(6): 633-642. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJDZ200706007.htmChen Q Z, Huang Y W, Wang Q W, et al. The statistical study of the southwest vortexes during 1990-2004. Journal of Nanjing University(Natural Sciences), 2007, 43(6): 633-642. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJDZ200706007.htm [14] 郝丽萍, 邓佳, 李国平, 等. 一次西南涡持续暴雨的GPS大气水汽总量特征. 应用气象学报, 2013, 24(2): 230-239. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20130211Hao L P, Deng J, Li G P, et al. Characteristics of GPS vapor in a persistent heavy rainfall related to southwest vortex. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2013, 24(2): 230-239. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20130211 [15] Chen Y R, Li Y Q, Zhang T L. Cause analysis on eastward movement of southwest China vortex and its induced heavy rainfall in South China. Advances in Meteorology, 2015. DOI: 10.1155/2015/481735. [16] 矫梅燕, 李川, 李延香. 一次川东大暴雨过程的中尺度分析. 应用气象学报, 2005, 16(5): 699-704. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20050591Jiao M Y, Li C, Li Y X. Mesoscale analyses of a Sichuan heavy rainfall. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2005, 16(5): 699-704. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20050591 [17] 缪强, 刘波, 袁立新. 青藏高原天气系统与背风坡浅薄天气系统耦合相互作用的特征分析. 高原山地气象研究, 1999, 9(3): 18-22. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCCX199903003.htmMiao Q, Liu B, Yuan L X. Characteristic analysis of coupling interaction between Tibetan Plateau weather system and leeward slope shallow weather system. Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research, 1999, 9(3): 18-22. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCCX199903003.htm [18] 陈忠明, 闵文彬, 缪强, 等. 高原涡与西南涡耦合作用的个例诊断. 高原气象, 2004, 23(1): 75-80. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX200401011.htmChen Z M, Min W B, Miao Q, et al. A case study on coupling interaction between plateau and southwest vortexes. Plateau Meteor, 2004, 23(1): 75-80. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX200401011.htm [19] 周春花, 顾清源, 何光碧. 高原涡与西南涡相互作用暴雨天气过程的诊断分析. 气象科技, 2009, 37(5): 538-544. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXKJ200905007.htmZhou C H, Gu Q Y, He G B. Diagnostic analysis of vorticity in a heavy rain event under interaction of plateau vortex and southwest vortex. Meteor Sci Technol, 2009, 37(5): 538-544. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXKJ200905007.htm [20] 周玉淑, 颜玲, 吴天贻. 高原涡和西南涡影响的两次四川暴雨过程的对比分析. 大气科学, 2019, 43(4): 813-830. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK201904009.htmZhou Y S, Yan L, Wu T Y. Comparative analysis of two rainstorm processes in Sichuan Province affected by Tibetan Plateau vortex and southwest vortex. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 2019, 43(4): 813-830. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK201904009.htm [21] 蒲学敏, 白爱娟. 高原涡与西南涡相互作用引发MCC暴雨的形成机制分析. 气象科学, 2021, 41(1): 27-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXKX202101003.htmPu X M, Bai A J. Analysis of formation mechanism of MCC heavy rain caused by interaction between plateau vortex and southwest vortex. J Meteor Sci, 2021, 41(1): 27-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXKX202101003.htm [22] 赵玉春, 王叶红. 高原涡诱生西南涡特大暴雨成因的个例研究. 高原气象, 2010, 29(4): 819-831. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX201004001.htmZhao Y C, Wang Y H. A case study on plateau vortex inducing southwest vortex and producing extremely heavy rain. Plateau Meteor, 2010, 29(4): 819-831. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX201004001.htm [23] Li L, Zhang R H, Wen M. Genesis of southwest vortex and its relation to Tibetan Plateau vortex. Quart J Roy Meteor Soc, 2017, 143: 2556-2566. [24] 邱静雅, 李国平, 郝丽萍. 高原涡与西南涡相互作用引发四川暴雨的位涡诊断. 高原气象, 2015, 34(6): 1556-1565. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX201506005.htmQiu J Y, Li G P, Hao L P. Diagnostic analysis of potential vorticity on a heavy rain in Sichuan Basin under interaction between plateau vortex and southwest vortex. Plateau Meteor, 2015, 34(6): 1556-1565. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX201506005.htm [25] Liu X, Ma E, Cao Z, et al. Numerical study of a southwest vortex rainstorm process influenced by the eastward movement of Tibetan Plateau vortex. Advances in Meteorology, 2018. DOI: 10.1155/2018/9081910. [26] Cheng X, Li Y, Xu L. An analysis of an extreme rainstorm caused by the interaction of the Tibetan Plateau vortex and the Southwest China vortex from an intensive observation. Meteorology & Atmospheric Physics, 2016, 128: 373-399. [27] 刘晓冉, 李国平, 胡祖恒, 等. 一次高原低涡诱发西南低涡耦合加强的动力诊断分析. 气象科学, 2020, 40(3): 363-373. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXKX202003009.htmLiu X R, Li G P, Hu Z H, et al. Dynamic diagnosis of the strengthened southwest vortex coupling induced by the plateau vortex. J Meteor Sci, 2020, 40(3): 363-373. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXKX202003009.htm [28] Zhang G S, Mao J Y, Liu Y M, et al. PV perspective of impacts on downstream extreme rainfall event of a Tibetan Plateau vortex collaborating with a southwest China vortex. Adv Atmos Sci, 2021, 38(11): 1835-1851. [29] 文宝安. 物理量计算及其在暴雨分析预报中的应用——水汽通量与水汽通量散度. 气象, 1980, 6(6): 36-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX198006018.htmWen B A. Calculation of physical quantities and its application in rainstorm analysis and forecast-Water vapor flux and water vapor flux divergence. Meteor Mon, 1980, 6(6): 36-38. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX198006018.htm [30] Li L, Zhang R H, Wen M. Diagnostic analysis of the evolution mechanism for a vortex over the Tibetan Plateau in June 2008. Adv Atmos Sci, 2011, 28(4): 797-808. [31] 丁一汇. 天气动力学中的诊断分析方法. 北京: 科学出版社, 1989.Ding Y H. The Diagnostic Analysis Methods of Synoptic Dynamics. Beijing: Science Press, 1989. [32] Yanai M, Esbensen S, Chu J H. Determination of bulk properties of tropical cloud clusters from large-scale heat and moisture budgets. J Atmos Sci, 1973, 30(4): 611-627. -
下载:
点击查看大图
图(6)
计量
- 摘要浏览量: 310
- HTML全文浏览量: 39
- PDF下载量: 43
- 被引次数: 0
