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Construction and Application of Weather Radar Aerial Ecological Monitoring System
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摘要: 为深度挖掘天气雷达数据应用价值，设计并建设了天气雷达空中生态监测系统。分析天气雷达晴空回波数据特征和空中生物散射特性，利用模糊逻辑算法识别天气雷达网数据中的生物回波，实现对生物密度、迁飞路径、时空分布等昆虫生态活动的实时动态监测。2022年5月天气雷达空中生态监测系统投入试运行，在实时监测期间发现昆虫活动具有明显的时空分布特征、昼夜活动和迁飞活动规律，8—9月全国昆虫活动呈现数量大、活动范围广的特点，是虫灾防治的重点关注时段，监测结果符合昆虫活动特征。该系统可有效服务空中生态实时监测，为虫灾精准防治提供监测技术与数据支持。Abstract: Ecological monitoring is an important part of environmental protection. To monitor the movement and abundance of animals in the airspace, an Aerial Ecological Monitoring System (AEMS) is developed by CMA Meteorological Observation Center for China's next-generation weather radar (CINRAD) network. Characteristics of weather radar clear air echo data and airborne biological scattering data are studied to identify biological echoes through fuzzy logic algorithm, and the system can monitor real-time ecological activities of insects such as biological density, migration path and space-time distribution.Weather Radar Airborne Ecological Monitoring System has been put into trial operation since May 2022. During the real-time monitoring period, it's found that the insect activity shows obvious spatial and temporal distribution characteristics. From August to September, pests are of large quantity and wide range, indicating urgent need of insect disaster prevention and control. In May, June, September, and October, insect activity gradually increases from 2000 BT every day, reaches its peak from 2200 BT to 2300 BT, gradually decreases thereafter, and disappears mostly by 0600 BT. In July and August, insect activity gradually increases from 2000 BT every day, with a peak from 2100 BT to 2200 BT. Insect activity begins during the daytime, increases at 0600 BT, becomes more frequent at 1300 BT, and gradually decreases thereafter. From May to July, there is a significant shift from south to north (i.e., northward migration process), and in late August, it quickly changes into a to southward migration. The southward migration process of insects is larger and more numerous than the northward migration process. It's verified that the system can effectively monitor real-time aerial ecology, providing technology and data support for precise pest control.However, characteristics of pests need further research and clear distribution of pests is an urgent need. Therefore, in-depth research will be carried out on aerial ecological classification technology, combined with other direct observation means such as real-time monitoring by drones to explore the relationship between radar detection and different pests, and improve the ability to identify different kinds of insects.
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Key words:
- ecological monitoring;
- weather radar;
- biological echoes;
- insect flight
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图 8 2022年5—10月郑州站昆虫活动日变化
Fig. 8 Diurnal activities of insect at Zhengzhou Station from May to Oct in 2022
表 1 不同类型回波的指标阈值
Table 1 Characteristic parameters of different echoes
回波类型 特征参数 阈值1 阈值2 阈值3 阈值4 湍流回波 差分反射率/dB -4 -1 3 5 相关系数 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.9 反射率因子纹理/dB -1 0 6 10 差分相位纹理/(°) 0 10 40 180 生物回波 差分反射率/dB 0 2 10 12 相关系数 0.3 0.5 0.8 1 反射率因子纹理/dB 1 2 4 7 差分相位纹理/(°) 8 10 40 60 降水回波 差分反射率/dB f1-0.3 f1 f2 f2+0.3 相关系数 0.92 0.94 1 1.01 反射率因子纹理(dB) 0 0.5 5 8 差分相位纹理(°) 0 1 25 30 
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表 2 常见昆虫的体态参数及其等效仿真参数
Table 2 Body parameters and equivalent simulation parameters of common insects
昆虫 平均体重/mg 平均体长/mm 平均体宽/mm S波段生物体后向散射截面积/m2 X波段生物体后向散射截面积/m2 桃蛀螟、甜菜白带野螟、二点委夜蛾 22.1 13.0 3.2 5.6234×10-6 3.2×10-3 棉铃虫、银纹夜蛾 114.8 16.7 5.4 1.0471×10-4 3.8019×10-4 粘虫、小地老虎、黄地老虎、斜纹夜蛾 145.4 19.0 5.8 2.3988×10-4 4.1687×10-4
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