设为首页
加入收藏
Characteristics and Evolution of Radar Polarization During Extremely Persistent Heavy Rainfall
-
摘要: 为研究极端持续性强降水过程的中尺度结构和云物理特征, 利用龙岩S波段双偏振雷达、雨滴谱仪、二维闪电定位仪等多源资料结合雷达风场反演方法, 分析2022年5月26—27日福建一次极端持续性强降水过程。结果表明:该过程水汽充沛, 不稳定能量适中, 有利于产生强降水。强降水期间不低于45 dBZ的强回波主要集中在西南向喇叭口地形收缩处的山脉迎风坡一侧。强回波在气流辐合处持续发展, 前两个阶段暴雨区西侧回波持续移入形成后向传播的列车效应;第3阶段强回波在东北风引导下向东偏南移动。该过程以海洋性对流降水和暖云降水为主, 强降水主要由高浓度小尺度的雨滴粒子造成。第2阶段强烈上升运动在0 ℃层以上形成霰粒子, 并与冰晶碰撞, 产生负闪, 冰相过程使霰粒子下落融化与低层雨滴的碰并增长形成大雨滴, 降水效率高。降水粒子集中在气流汇合处, 中低层存在高浓度雨滴粒子。差分反射率大值区多分布在中层上升气流处, 大雨滴在下落过程中破碎为小雨滴, 进一步加大雨滴粒子数。Abstract: Based on data of S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar, automatic weather station, disdrometer, 2-D lightning locator and Doppler radar wind field retrieval method, mesoscale structure and cloud microphysical characteristics of an extremely persistent heavy rainfall occurred in southwest Fujian on 27 May 2022 are analyzed. Results indicate that the event takes place under the southwest flow on the south side of the low-level shear. Sufficient water vapor, moderate unsteady convective stratification, low lifting condensation height, and convective condensation height over the rainstorm area are all favorable for producing high-efficiency heavy rainfall. Strong echoes (no less than 45 dBZ) persist over the rainstorm area during heavy rainfall. The strong echo center is concentrated on the windward side of the mountain, located at the contraction of the topography of the trumpet opening to the southwest. The wind field retrieval shows that the strong echo persists for an extended period at the convergence of wind speed and the convergence of southerly and northerly airflow. During the first two stages, a strong echo continuously moves into the rainstorm area from the west, generating the train effect of backward propagation. In the third stage, the strong echo moves southeast under the guidance of northeast winds at the middle and upper levels. This process is dominated by oceanic convective rainfall and warm rain. Heavy rainfall is primarily composed of raindrop particles with high concentration and small scale. The lower layer is primarily composed of raindrop particles with high concentration and smaller scales. Raindrop particles in the middle layer are larger than those in the lower layer. Due to strong upward motion, negative flashes occur when graupel particles above 0 ℃ layer collide with ice crystals during the second stage. Due to the ice phase process, large ice phase particles like graupel particles fall, melt, coalesce, and merge with smaller raindrops, resulting in the formation of larger raindrops and the production of highly efficient rainfall. The development of KDP above 0 ℃ layer indicates an increase in rainfall, forecasting an advance of 6-20 minutes for the strengthening of relative surface ground rainfall. A large number of raindrop particles are primarily concentrated at the confluence of air currents. Hydrometeor accumulates here. The prolonged and intense echo causes the accumulation of water condensate over an extended period, ultimately causing heavy rainfall. There are high concentrations of raindrop particles in the middle and lower layers. The high value of ZDR is mostly concentrated in the middle layer updraft area. The high-value ZDR area and the high-value KDP area do not completely overlap. The distribution of ZDR is wider than that of KDP. Large raindrops break into small raindrops as they fall, increasing the number of raindrop particles.
-
图 2 年5月26日21：00—27日07：00降水量
Fig. 2 Rainfall from 2100 BT 26 May to 0700 BT 27 May in 2022
图 2 年5月26日21：00—27日07：00降水量
Fig. 2 Rainfall from 2100 BT 26 May to 0700 BT 27 May in 2022
图 3 年5月26日21：00—27日07：00十方站逐5 min降水量(柱状) 和1 h滑动累积降水量(实线) (a)与整点逐时降水量(b)
Fig. 3 Rainfall in 5 min (the bar) with 1 h moving accumulated rainfall (the line) (a) and hourly rainfall(b) at Shifang Station from 2100 BT 26 May to 0700 BT 27 May in 2022
图 3 年5月26日21：00—27日07：00十方站逐5 min降水量(柱状) 和1 h滑动累积降水量(实线) (a)与整点逐时降水量(b)
Fig. 3 Rainfall in 5 min (the bar) with 1 h moving accumulated rainfall (the line) (a) and hourly rainfall(b) at Shifang Station from 2100 BT 26 May to 0700 BT 27 May in 2022
图 7 年5月27日上杭站和武平站雨滴谱
Fig. 7 Raindrop spectrum of Shanghang Station and Wuping Station on 27 May 2022
图 7 年5月27日上杭站和武平站雨滴谱
Fig. 7 Raindrop spectrum of Shanghang Station and Wuping Station on 27 May 2022
图 8 年5月27日00:00—03:00闪电频次和强度变化
Fig. 8 Flash frequency and intensity from 0000 BT to 0300 BT on 27 May 2022
图 8 年5月27日00:00—03:00闪电频次和强度变化
Fig. 8 Flash frequency and intensity from 0000 BT to 0300 BT on 27 May 2022
图 9 年5月26—27日3.5 km高度ZH, ZDR和KDP (填色) 与风场(矢量)
Fig. 9 ZH, ZDR and KDP (the shaded) and wind field (the vector) at 3.5 km altitude from 26 May to 27 May in 2022
图 9 年5月26—27日3.5 km高度ZH, ZDR和KDP (填色) 与风场(矢量)
Fig. 9 ZH, ZDR and KDP (the shaded) and wind field (the vector) at 3.5 km altitude from 26 May to 27 May in 2022
-
[1] 李建,宇如聪,孙溦.从小时尺度考察中国中东部极端降水的持续性和季节特征.气象学报,2013,71(4):652-659.Li J, Yu R C, Sun W. Duration and seasonality of the hourly extreme rainfall in the central-eastern part of China. Acta Meteor Sinica, 2013, 71(4): 652-659. [2] Wu M W, Luo Y L, Chen F, et al. Observed link of extreme hourly precipitation changes to urbanization over coastal South China. J Appl Meteor Climatol, 2019, 58(8): 1799-1819. doi: 10.1175/JAMC-D-18-0284.1 [3] 齐道日娜, 何立富, 王秀明, 等. "7·20" 河南极端暴雨精细观测及热动力成因. 应用气象学报, 2022, 33(1): 1-15.Chyi D, He L F, Wang X M, et al. Fine observation characteristics and thermodynamic mechanisms of extreme heavy rainfall in Henan on 20 July 2021. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(1): 1-15. [4] 齐铎, 王承伟, 白雪梅, 等. "23·8" 黑龙江极端强降水过程特征与成因. 应用气象学报, 2024, 35(3): 257-271.Qi D, Wang C W, Bai X M, et al. Characteristics and causes of extreme heavy rainfall in Heilongjiang Province during August 2023. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(3): 257-271. [5] 王婧羽, 李哲, 汪小康, 等. 河南省雨季短时强降水时空分布特征. 暴雨灾害, 2019, 38(2): 152-160.Wang J Y, Li Z, Wang X K, et al. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of flash heavy rain in Henan during rainy season. Torrential Rain Disasters, 2019, 38(2): 152-160. [6] 唐永兰, 徐桂荣, 万蓉. 2020年主汛期长江流域短时强降水时空分布特征. 大气科学学报, 2022, 45(2): 212-224.Tang Y L, Xu G R, Wan R. Temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of short-duration heavy rainfall in the Yangtze River Basin during the main flood season of 2020. Trans Atmos Sci, 2022, 45(2): 212-224. [7] 赵海军, 潘玲, 毛子卿. 山东省持续性短时强降水过程物理量特征分析. 海洋气象学报, 2023, 43(1): 63-74.Zhao H J, Pan L, Mao Z Q. Analysis on characteristics of physical quantity of persistent short-time severe rainfall in Shandong. J Mar Meteor, 2023, 43(1): 63-74. [8] Zhang C, Huang X G, Fei J F, et al. Spatiotemporal characteristics and associated synoptic patterns of extremely persistent heavy rainfall in Southern China. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2021, 126(1). DOI: 10.1029/2022JD033253. [9] Liu H S, Huang X G, Fei J F, et al. Spatiotemporal features and associated synoptic patterns of extremely persistent heavy rainfall over China. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2022, 127(15). DOI: 10.1029/2022JD036604. [10] 刘菲凡, 郑永光, 罗琪, 等. 京津冀及周边一般性降水与短时强降水特征对比. 应用气象学报, 2023, 34(5): 619-629.Liu F F, Zheng Y G, Luo Q, et al. Comparison of characteristics of light precipitation and short-time heavy precipitation over Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and neighbouring areas. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(5): 619-629. [11] 刁秀广, 李芳, 万夫敬. 两次强冰雹超级单体风暴双偏振特征对比. 应用气象学报, 2022, 33(4): 414-428.Diao X G, Li F, Wan F J. Comparative analysis on dual polarization features of two severe hail supercells. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(4): 414-428. [12] 胡雅君, 张伟, 赵玉春, 等. "5·7" 闽南沿海暖区特大暴雨中尺度特征分析. 气象, 2020, 46(5): 629-642.Hu Y J, Zhang W, Zhao Y C, et al. Mesoscale feature analysis on a warm-sector torrential rain event in southeastern coast of Fujian on 7 May 2018. Meteor Mon, 2020, 46(5): 629-642. [13] 郭飞燕, 刁秀广, 褚颖佳, 等. 弱垂直风切变环境下强下击暴流双偏振雷达特征. 应用气象学报, 2023, 34(6): 681-693.Guo F Y, Diao X G, Chu Y J, et al. Dual polarization radar characteristics of severe downburst occurred in weak vertical wind shear. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(6): 681-693. [14] 潘佳文, 彭婕, 魏鸣, 等. 副热带高压背景下极端短时强降水的双偏振相控阵雷达观测分析. 气象学报, 2022, 80(5): 748-764.Pan J W, Peng J, Wei M, et al. Analysis of an extreme flash rain event under the background of subtropical high based on dual-polarization phased array radar observations. Acta Meteor Sinica, 2022, 80(5): 748-764. [15] 孙跃, 任刚, 孙鸿娉, 等. 一次高炮防雹的相控阵双偏振雷达观测特征. 应用气象学报, 2023, 34(1): 65-77.Sun Y, Ren G, Sun H P, et al. Features of phased-array dual polarization radar observation during an anti-aircraft gun hail suppression operation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(1): 65-77. [16] 陈训来, 徐婷, 王蕊, 等. 珠江三角洲"9·7" 极端暴雨精细观测特征及成因. 应用气象学报, 2024, 35(1): 1-16.Chen X L, Xu T, Wang R, et al. Fine observation characteristics and causes of "9·7" extreme heavy rainstorm over Pearl River Delta, China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(1): 1-16. [17] 冯晋勤, 张深寿, 吴陈锋, 等. 双偏振雷达产品在福建强对流天气过程中的应用分析. 气象, 2018, 44(12): 1565-1574.Feng J Q, Zhang S S, Wu C F, et al. Application of dual polarization weather radar products to severe convective weather in Fujian. Meteor Mon, 2018, 44(12): 1565-1574. [18] 刘泽, 郭凤霞, 郑栋, 等. 一次暖云强降水主导的对流单体闪电活动特征. 应用气象学报, 2020, 31(2): 185-196.Liu Z, Guo F X, Zheng D, et al. Lightning activities in a convection cell dominated by heavy warm cloud precipitation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 185-196. [19] 罗昌荣, 孙照渤, 魏鸣, 等. 单多普勒雷达反演热带气旋近中心风场的VAP扩展应用方法. 气象学报, 2011, 69(1): 170-180.Luo C R, Sun Z B, Wei M, et al. An extended application of the VAP method for wind field retrieval near the tropical cyclone center with single-Doppler radar data. Acta Meteor Sinica, 2011, 69(1): 170-180. [20] Doswell C A, Brooks H E, Maddox R A. Flash flood forecasting: An ingredients-based methodology. Wea Forecasting, 1996, 11(4): 560-581. [21] 张沛源, 陈荣林. 多普勒速度图上的暴雨判据研究. 应用气象学报, 1995, 6(3): 373-378.Zhang P Y, Chen R L. A study of heavy rain signature recognition by radar velocity images. J Appl Meteor Sci, 1995, 6(3): 373-378. [22] 俞小鼎. 短时强降水临近预报的思路与方法. 暴雨灾害, 2013, 32(3): 202-209.Yu X D. Nowcasting thinking and method of flash heavy rain. Torrential Rain Disasters, 2013, 32(3): 202-209. [23] Ryzhkov A V, Zhuravlyov V B, Rybakova N A. Preliminary results of X-band polarization radar studies of clouds and precipitation. J Atmos Oceanic Technol, 1994, 11(1): 132-139. [24] Mattos E V, Machado L A T, Williams E R, et al. Electrification life cycle of incipient thunderstorms. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2017, 122(8): 4670-4697. [25] 王坤, 王啸华, 夏昕, 等. 2019年7月17日江苏东南部特大暴雨的双偏振雷达观测分析. 气象科学, 2022, 42(5): 610-621.Wang K, Wang X H, Xia X, et al. Microphysical characteristics of the extremely heavy rainstorm observed by Jiangsu polarimetric radars network in southeastern Jiangsu on July 17, 2019. J Meteor Sci, 2022, 42(5): 610-621. [26] Snyder J C, Bluestein H B, Dawson D T, et al. Simulations of polarimetric, X-band radar signatures in supercells. Part Ⅱ: ZDR columns and rings and KDP columns. J Appl Meteor Climatol, 2017, 56(7): 2001-2026. [27] Jung C J, Jou B J D. Bulk microphysical characteristics of a heavy-rain complex thunderstorm system in the Taipei Basin. Mon Wea Rev, 2023, 151(4): 877-896. [28] Wen L, Zhao K, Zhang G F, et al. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distributions observed in East China during the Asian summer monsoon season using 2-D video disdrometer and Micro Rain Radar data. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2016, 121(5): 2265-2282. [29] 杨忠林, 赵坤, 徐坤, 等. 江淮梅雨期极端对流微物理特征的双偏振雷达观测研究. 气象学报, 2019, 77(1): 58-72.Yang Z L, Zhao K, Xu K, et al. Microphysical characteristics of extreme convective precipitation over the Yangtze-Huaihe River Basin during the Meiyu season based on polarimetric radar data. Acta Meteor Sinica, 2019, 77(1): 58-72. [30] Williams E R, Weber M E, Orville R E. The relationship between lightning type and convective state of thunderclouds. J Geophys Res, 1989, 94(D11): 13213-13220. [31] 肖辉, 王孝波, 周非非, 等. 强降水云物理过程的三维数值模拟研究. 大气科学, 2004, 28(3): 385-404.Xiao H, Wang X B, Zhou F F, et al. A three-dimensional numerical simulation on microphysical processes of torrential rainstorms. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 2004, 28(3): 385-404. -
下载:
计量
- 摘要浏览量: 94
- HTML全文浏览量: 17
- PDF下载量: 38
- 被引次数: 0
