应用气象学报

Analysis of the Source region and Variation of Surface SO2 at Lin’an Station

Yan Peng Fang Xiumei Li Xingsheng, Roland R. Draxler

1999, 10(3): 267-275.

[FullText](3194) [PDF 930KB](1345)

Abstract:
Baskward trajectory cluster analysis is used to determine the source regions and variation of surface SO2 at Lin’an regional background station under different weather conditions in Sep. and Oct. 1994. Furthermore, by using Lagrangian transport, dispersion and deposition model, the contributions from different areas to surface SO2 concentrations at Lin’an station are calculated. In comparison with the observations, it is shown that the model could be well to simulate the variations of surface SO2 at Lin’an. Meanwhile, it is also shown that the concentrations and variations of surface SO2 observed at Lin’an station could reflect those of eastern China.

Reduction for the Overspeed of Cup Anemometer

Zhang Hongsheng, Chen Jiayi, Piao Chunxiong

1999, 10(3): 257-266.

[FullText](3649) [PDF 194KB](1171)

Abstract:
Based on an equation of the dynamic response of cup anemometer and the contrast observations between cup anemometer and sonic anemometer, It is shown that u-error caused by the overspeed of cup anemometer is about 1% and data processing error (DP-error) associated with cup anemometer is the most important one because of distinct calculated methods (vector mean and scalar mean). After the reduction for DP-error, the rational wind speed values could be obtained.

Analysis of Summer Drought/flood in China and 50 hPa Mean Circulation over the Northern Hemisphere in 1997

Chen Xingfang, Ai Wanxiu

1999, 10(3): 339-346.

[FullText](3163) [PDF 957KB](1235)

Abstract:
Through analyzing the features of 50 hPa mean circulations over the Northern Hemisphere for three summer rainfall patterns in China, it is shown that the features of 50 hPa circulation for summer precipitation anomaly over China in 1997 are mainly expressed as the higher geopotential height of large area from winter to summer, and weaker polar vortex in winter and stronger in spring, and strengthening for the Pacific high anomaly in winter and spring.

Climatic Characteristics of the Frost Season Variation During the Last Forty Years in Lhasa

Du JunXiang Yuyi

1999, 10(3): 379-383.

[FullText](3289) [PDF 448KB](1493)

Abstract:
The climatic characteristics and variation of the frostless period and first (late) frost date from 1954 to 1996 in Lhasa were investigated using climatological statistics method. The results show that the absolute variability of the frostless season is more than that of the first and late frost dates. The postponed probability of late frost date is bigger than the one of first frost date. The general trend was shorter for frostless period from 1954 to 1998. After 1989 the frostless period was prolonged.

The Experimental Study on Kalman Filtering

Wang Li, Huang Jiayou

1999, 10(3): 276-282.

[FullText](3621) [PDF 662KB](1955)

Abstract:
The application of Kalman filtering was studied through an amount of experiments. The new way to select initial parameter of Kalman filtering was set up, and by which the better for weather prediction were obtained

Optimizationb of the Parameter of the Raindrop Size Distribution in Rain Rate Measurement by Airborne Radar

Dou Xiankang, Liu Wanshuan, P. Amayenc, Liu Jinli

1999, 10(3): 293-298.

[FullText](4066) [PDF 702KB](1352)

Abstract:
The parameter of the raindrop size distribution in rain arte measurement is optimized using the airborne radar data during the TOGA/COARE experiments in Jan. to Feb. 1993.

The Receiving and Development of Meteorological Satellite Data

Xu Jianping

1999, 10(3): 361-367.

[FullText](2929) [PDF 889KB](2083)

Abstract:
The present state for receiving meteorological satellite data in China is summarized, and a large amount of the data which could be received in the next years are introduced. Furthermore, the development of receiving technique for meteorological satellite data is analysed

Application of T63 Monthly Extended Range Forecast in Short-range Climatic Prediction of Southwest China

Ma Zhenfeng

1999, 10(3): 368-373.

[FullText](2723) [PDF 1007KB](1438)

Abstract:
The dynamical-statistic relation of perfect prediction method (PPM) is formulated by using the data of the correction products of T63 model during 1996—1997, the 500hPa mean dekad height field of ECMWF, and the mean monthly temperature and monthly precipitation over Southwest China from 1966 to 1996. And the mean monthly temperature and monthly precipitation over Southwest China from Feb. 1996 to Jan. 1998 are predicted. The results show that the dynamical-statistic method has obvious forecast potentiality for monthly element fields over Southwest China.

Power Spectrum Analysis on the Image Quality of FA-2 & GMS-5 IR Channels

Gu Songyan

1999, 10(3): 374-378.

[FullText](3610) [PDF 674KB](1919)

Abstract:
The image qualities of FY-2 and GMS-5 IR channels are analyzed by means of the image power spectrum analysis. The results show that the sum of the components in the image power spectra of FY-2 IR channel is a little less than that of GMS-5 IR A channel, and based on the results of numerical simulation experiment, it is shown that the image quality of FY-2 IR channel is equivalent to that of GMS-5 IR A channel.

The Application of GIS in Remote Sensing Dynamic Survey with NOAA Satellite

Zhou Hongmei

1999, 10(3): 354-360.

[FullText](4106) [PDF 760KB](1327)

Abstract:
The dynamic survey of flood disaster, rice growth and rice planting area studied by integrating NOAA/AVHRR data with Geographic Information System (GIS) in Shanghai area, and the satisfied results are obtained.

Relationship Between Temperature and Grain Formation in Later Development Period of Winter Wheat in Lhasa

Lin Rinuan, Zhang Yong

1999, 10(3): 321-326.

[FullText](2454) [PDF 859KB](1502)

Abstract:
In comparison with northern China, the temperature is lower and the speed of grain filling is slower in the later development period of winter wheat in Lhasa. Although grain yield is well, because of longer period of grain filling, the main nutritional composition of grain (such as protein) is lower and the grain quality is poor. Therefore, the heat condition would have the positive effect on yield of winter wheat, and the negative on grain quality in plateau.

The Characteristics of Weather Yield for Global Crop and Its Relationship with Precipitation

Zhang Jinyan, Li Xiaoquan, Zhang Tan

1999, 10(3): 327-332.

[FullText](3068) [PDF 657KB](2705)

Abstract:
Using the original crop yield (wheat and rice) data and the precipitation data of 150 countries from 1951 to 1991, the characteristics of weather yield for wheat and rice and its relationship with precipitation are analysed. The results show that the weather yield contributes to 3% ~ 14% of total crop yield, and the distributions of proportion between them have obvious regional features. The weather yield obeys normal distribution. There exists the certain law for the long-term of weather yield in regional distribution. The weather yield is in close association with precipitation.

Numerical Simulation on the Representativeness of Island Wind Observations

Gao Shanhong

1999, 10(3): 333-338.

[FullText](3061) [PDF 596KB](1648)

Abstract:
The numerical simulations on wind field structure of two real islands under strong wind conditions are made. The results show that the island topography has obvious effects on island wind observations, it is unreasonable to make altitude reduction in order to obtain the wind data at 10 m above sea level by exponential or logarithmic profile formula. The simulated values are compared to the island wind observations, from which it is shown that there is necessity and possibility to seek for an approach to correct island strong wind data with numerical simulation.

Solitary Waves of the Barotropic Quasi-geostrophic Model with Large-scale Orography

Chen Jiong

1999, 10(3): 299-306.

[FullText](2970) [PDF 594KB](1317)

Abstract:
Starting from a modified barotropic quasi-geostrophic model equation, considering the actual situation of the large-orography of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, neglecting its east-west slope, the solitary waves are obtained using reductive perturbation method. The results show that the orography is an essential factor to excite Rossby solitary waves in basic flow without shear.

Diffusion Model of Shoreline Fumigation

Zu Tielin, Wei Shengsheng, Lin Xuefan

1999, 10(3): 307-313.

[FullText](3261) [PDF 710KB](1393)

Abstract:
A diffusion model of shoreline fumigation is developed, which needn’t make the assumption of the constant eddy diffusivity or the “area source”. The model of Thermal Internal Boundary layer (TIBL) height is simplified according to the two-dimensional theory and the observational data in existence. The results of the analysis and prediction show that the pollutant source is averted to set near the place where the effective source height (He) is equal to the TIBL height. A tall stack should be set far away from the shoreline or near the shoreline.

Numerical Study on the Effect of Asymmetric Diabatic Heating on Tropical Cyclone Motion

Zhou Xiaqiong, Zhu Yongti

1999, 10(3): 283-292.

[FullText](4211) [PDF 1149KB](1448)

Abstract:
Taking typhoon 9414 as an example, the effect of asymmetric diabatic heating on tropical cyclone motion is analysed using the mesoscale model (MM4). The calculated results show that the typhoon track prediction and precipitation forecast are improved obviously considering the asymmetric diabatic heating. If the initial asymmetric moisture field for the typhoon area is also included, the improvement will be more obviously. In order to put in operation, the diabatic heating calculating scheme of several typical spiral structures is constructed and led into the thrmodynamic process of the model. The results show that when the spiral structure which is similar to the real distribution of cloud system is selected, the accuracy of typhoon track prediction could be improved.

ANALYSIS OF THE SOURCE REGION AND VARIATION OF SURFACE SO2 AT LIN''''AN STATION

Yan Peng, Fang Xiumei, Li Xingsheng, Roland R. Draxler

1999, 10(3): 267-275.

[FullText](2777) [PDF 930KB](1343)

Abstract:

The Influences of Water and Nitrogenous Fertilizer on Winter Wheat Yield and the Controlling Technique

Zhao Guoqiang, Zhu Zixi, Deng Tianhong, Fang Wensong, Hou Jianxin

1999, 10(3): 314-320.

[FullText](4131) [PDF 649KB](1535)

Abstract:
Based on the controlling experiments of soil water and nitrogenous fertilizer for winter wheat, the influences of soil water and nitrogen on winter wheat yield and the interaction between soil water and nitrogen are analyzed by means of mathematical statistics and mathematical analysis. The model of soil water and fertilizer for winter wheat is established for sandy loam. Throuhg the testing in production, the model could be used in agricultural production.

Advances on Typhoon Numerical Model of NMC and Applied Experiments

Wang Shiwen

1999, 10(3): 347-353.

[FullText](3221) [PDF 731KB](1504)

Abstract:
The enlarged forecast area, the twice nested typhoon bogusing technique and the model mesh initial movable scheme are performed in typhoon numerical model of National Meteorological Center (NMC). The experimental results show that the typhoon track predictions for the three schemes are all improved, and the advances for typhoon intensity prediction with NMC typhoon numerical model are described.

1999, 10(3)

[FullText](3250) [PDF 114KB](360)

Abstract:

Vol.10, NO.3, 1999