Comparative Analysis on Characteristics and Mechanism for Two Types of M-component in Triggered Lightning

Xie Meng; Zhang Yang; Zhang Yijun; Lü Weitao; Zheng Dong

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20150407

Vol.26, NO.4, 2015

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2015 > 26(4): 451-459

Xie Meng, Zhang Yang, Zhang Yijun, et al. Comparative analysis on characteristics and mechanism for two types of M-component in triggered lightning. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(4): 451-459. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20150407.

Citation:

Xie Meng, Zhang Yang, Zhang Yijun, et al. Comparative analysis on characteristics and mechanism for two types of M-component in triggered lightning. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(4): 451-459. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20150407.

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Comparative Analysis on Characteristics and Mechanism for Two Types of M-component in Triggered Lightning

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20150407

1.
Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225

Received Date: 2014-11-24
Rev Recd Date: 2015-02-09
Publish Date: 2015-07-31

Abstract

Abstract

Parameters such as amplitude, rise time, half-peak width and charge transfer is obtained by analyzing channel base current data from triggered lightning, which is acquired by GCOELD (Guangdong Comprehensive Observation Experiment of Lightning Discharge) during 2008 and 2013. Geometric mean value of amplitude, rise time, half-peak width and charge transfer from 31 samples are 301 A, 341 μs, 662 μs and 0.207 C, among which geometric mean value of amplitude is close to the result from Shandong Articicially Triggering Lightning Experiment, while rise time and half-peak width are close to results in Florida. From the histogram for parameter distribution, M-component is mostly within 400 A, the rise time is lower than 400 μs, the half-peak width is less than 1 ms, and the charge transfer is from 0.1 C to 0.3 C. Whereas, histogram of amplitude, rise time, half-peak width and charge transfer indicates portion of M-component has unusual characteristics. Combined with previous research, it's concluded that M-component can be divided into two types, by amplitude lower/higher than 1 kA. Geometric mean value of amplitude, rise time, half-peak width and charge transfer is analyzed, respectively. Two types of M-component show obvious differences, for instance, the amplitude of Type 2 M-component is almost 10 times the value of Type 1 M-component, while the rise time and half-peak width is approximately quarter of the corresponding parameter for Type 1. In general, Type 2 M-component has higher amplitude, shorter rise time and narrower half-peak width than Type 1. The relationship between M amplitude and the lag between return stroke and M-component for Type 1 and Type 2 are compared, and lags of Type 2 M-components are shorter than 50 ms, shorter than lags of Type 1 M-components as a whole. It possibly indicates that the lower the amplitude of M-component is, the longer the lag is. With M-component two-wave model, the electric field are calculated. By configuring incident wave velocity and reflected wave velocity to various values, it's found that the result is consistent with measured electric field, but the incident velocity is always smaller than reflected velocity for both Type 1 and Type 2. The ratio between incident wave velocity and reflected wave velocity for Type 1 is larger than that of Type 2. Based on analysis for M-component characteristics and M-component classification, two types of M-component may correspond with streamer occurred by breakdown in channel branch into main channel and breakdown within part of the lightning channel, indicating Type 1 M-component has some differences with Type 2 M-component in mechanism.
- artificial triggered lightning;
- M-component;
- classification;
- physical mechanism

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References(22)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Experimental equipment diagram

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图 2 触发闪电电流示例

(a) 电流波形，(b) 电流脉冲主要参数

Fig. 2 Current for artificial triggered lightning

(a) current waveform, (b) parameters of current pulse

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Fig. 3 Distribution for M-component characteristics

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Fig. 4 Distribution of M-component characteristics

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Fig. 5 Relationship between M-component amplitude and the lag between return stroke and M-component

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Fig. 6 Current waveform of Type 1(a) and Type 2(b) M-component

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Fig. 7 Calculated result for Type 1(a) and Type 2(b) M-component, which is most consistent with measured field

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Table 1 Statistical results for M-component characteristics from different experiment sites

特征量	中国广东从化	中国山东滨州^[19]	美国佛罗里达^[20]
幅值/A	301	276	136
上升时间/μs	341	251	353
半峰值宽度/μs	662	242	612
转移电荷量/C	0.207	0.101	0.129

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Table 2 Comparison of two types of M-component

特征量	第1类M分量	第2类M分量
幅值/A	191	2005
上升时间/μs	452	105
半峰值宽度/μs	866	216
转移电荷量/C	0.176	0.407

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References

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