Chen Shu, Zheng Xiangdong, Lin Weili, et al. Observational study on the ground-based UVI at Dangxiong of Tibet. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(4): 482-491. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20150410.
Citation: Chen Shu, Zheng Xiangdong, Lin Weili, et al. Observational study on the ground-based UVI at Dangxiong of Tibet. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(4): 482-491. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20150410.

Observational Study on the Ground-based UVI at Dangxiong of Tibet

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20150410
  • Received Date: 2014-12-10
  • Rev Recd Date: 2015-03-30
  • Publish Date: 2015-07-31
  • Factors of solar zenith angle (SZA), cloud, ozone and snow cover modifying the surface ultraviolet index (UVI) in the Tibetan Plateau are presented by the TUV model simulations and the two-year continuous ground-based measurements at Dangxiong (30.48°N, 91.10°E, 4200 m a.s.l) from September 2009 to August 2011. Results show that the key factors affecting the UVI over the Tibetan region are SZA and cloud. Variations of cloud-free surface UVI can be characterized exactly as a simple empirical SZA function. The UVI cloud modification factor (CMF) generally reduces by 46% as the cloud amount increases from 0 to 100%. CMF might increase by 3%-6%, or even by 40% in individual cases if the solar disk is partly masked with broken clouds. The ozone valley enhances 12% summer surface UVI compared to plain regions of the similar latitudes. The winter short-term thin snow coverage could enhance 16% or less surface UVI, and this enhancement is lower than that from the simulations (23%). UVI attenuation caused by aerosols with optical depth of 0.02-0.1 is no more than 3%. As compared with UVI measured at Lhasa (29.67°N, 91.13°E, 3650 m a.s.l), Tuotuohe (34.22°N, 92.43°E, 4500 m a.s.l) and Waliguan (36.29°N, 100.90°E, 3810 m a.s.l), the difference of site-altitude is a key factor influencing the UVI. Under the same SZA conditions, the summer UVI at Lhasa is 7%-10% higher than that at Waliguan due to the southern thinner ozone layer, the ozone valley. Comparison with satellite-derived product shows that, averagely, the OMI-UVI is 80% higher than the ground-based values at Dangxiong but only 8.6% higher under cloud-free circumstances. The OMI-UVIs are all above 65% higher than those ground-based measurements at the other 3 sites but their cloud-free values are only 13%, 9% and 50% higher at Tuotuohe, Waliguan and Lhasa, respectively. Clouds and geographical mismatches between the satellite pixel and fixed ground-based observation site are supposed to be the main factors of higher space-based UVI values, particularly over Lhasa. As the ground-based UVI is more than 14, the coincident space-based UVI is generally 3% lower at Dangxiong owning to the broken clouds strengthening the in-situ radiation.
  • Fig. 1  Overview of UVI measured at Dangxiong

    Fig. 2  UVI (10 min mean) as a function of SZA observed at Dangxiong

    (a) all-sky, (b) cloud-free

    Fig. 3  Variations of CMF with changes of cloud amount at different SZAs

    Fig. 4  Comparison of UVI under conditions of different cloud coverage

    Fig. 5  UVI as a function of total ozone with SZA of 60°±2.5° under clear-sky condition

    Fig. 6  UVI Comparison between satellite-derived overpass and ground-based measurements at Dangxiong under all sky conditions (a) and clear-day only (b)

    Table  1  Investigation of influences from snow coverage on UVI at Dangxiong

    年份 日序 SZA=55° SZA=60° 臭氧总量/DU 积雪 反照率
    实测值 模式值 实测值 模式值
    2009 323 4.81 5.32 3.45 3.82 260 0.8
    2009 325 4.64 4.38 3.31 3.14 259 0.05
    2009 330 4.62 4.37 3.28 3.13 260 0.05
    2009 363 4.41 4.36 3.13 3.12 260 0.05
    2010 2 5.14 5.35 3.66 3.84 259 0.8
    2010 11 4.83 4.76 3.42 3.41 242 0.05
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  2  Comparison of ground-based UVI at Dangxiong, Tutuhe, Lhasa, Waliguan

    太阳天
    顶角/(°)
    当雄 沱沱河 拉萨 瓦里关
    UVI 样本量 UVI 样本量 UVI 样本量 UVI 样本量
    60 2.46±0.85 16631 2.14±0.85 186 1.7±0.53 1162 2.13±0.69 4657
    50 4.41±1.61 17047 4.25±1.60 135 3.53±1.08 1039 3.56±1.36 2576
    40 6.57±2.63 12796 6.85±2.43 56 5.49±1.75 947 5.12±2.25 1966
    30 8.72±3.66 9340 9.09±2.98 71 7.19±2.50 642 6.58±3.19 1601
    20 11.06±4.61 7216 12.03±3.89 26 9.22±3.50 398 8.35±3.95 1171
    10 12.66±5.27 4582 10.16±3.30 369
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  3  UVI relative differences between ground-based and OMI over 4 sites

    天气 当雄 沱沱河 拉萨 瓦里关
    相对差别/% 样本量 相对差别/% 样本量 相对差别/% 样本量 相对差别/% 样本量
    总体 80.1±166.1 545 86.8±156.5 104 91.9±114.9 765 67.8±136.0 2045
    云天 96.3±180.3 450 108.8±172.0 80 113.1±134.9 510 99.8±158.6 1327
    晴天 8.6±5.4 95 13.3±27.3 24 49.6±23.3 255 8.7±29.0 718
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2014-12-10
    • Accepted : 2015-03-30
    • Published : 2015-07-31

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