Meteorological Conditions and Impact Factors of a Heavy Air Pollution Process at Xi'an in December 2013

Zhang Yabin; Lin Lin; Wu Qizhong; Wang Wenyan; Fan Chao; Zhao Rong; Liu Bo; Yao Dongsheng

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20160104

Vol.27, NO.1, 2016

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2016 > 27(1): 35-46

Zhang Yabin, Lin Lin, Wu Qizhong, et al. Meteorological conditions and impact factors of a heavy air pollution process at Xi'an in December 2013. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(1): 35-46. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160104.

Citation:

Zhang Yabin, Lin Lin, Wu Qizhong, et al. Meteorological conditions and impact factors of a heavy air pollution process at Xi'an in December 2013. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(1): 35-46. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160104.

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Meteorological Conditions and Impact Factors of a Heavy Air Pollution Process at Xi'an in December 2013

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160104

1.
Xi'an Meteorological Observatory of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710016
2.
China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081
3.
Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875
4.
Xi'an Meteorological Observation Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710016
5.
Chang'an Meteorological Bureau of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710010
6.
Shaanxi Lightning Protection Center, Xi'an 710014

Received Date: 2015-07-15
Rev Recd Date: 2015-09-29
Publish Date: 2016-01-31

Abstract

Abstract

As one of the most famous historical and cultural cities, Xi'an is located at the central part of the Guanzhong Basin, its northern and southern areas are the Loess Plateau and the Qinling Mountains, respectively. Increasing trend of air pollution weather disturbs Xi'an in recent years. Based on high resolution observations from air quality monitor, laser radar and automatic weather stations, meteorological conditions and impact factors of heavy air pollution process from 18 Dec to 25 Dec in 2013 are analyzed. Results show that during heavy air pollution process, the circulation at 500 hPa is meridional circulation pattern including a trough and a ridge in high latitude area. Shaanxi Province is located at the front of warm ridge with weak wind, and south to the Mongolia cold high on ground. When air quality improves, the front and wind at 500 hPa increase, and ground cold front move southeast quickly. Laser radar monitoring indicates the aerosol conglomerations below 0.5 km are uplift and the boundary layer height increases significantly. Heavy air pollution process leads to severe haze and its daily average visibility is less than 1.5 km. The boundary layer height is less than 0.7 km and its peak appears at about 1500 BT. Temperature and humidity conditions are conducive to strengthen pollution, significantly different from common periods. An inversion of temperature exists at 2~3.2 km or 0.7~1.5 km height and relative vertical humidity distribution is wet-dry-wet below 3.5 km. Severe haze is mainly wet haze and its daily average duration in suburban is 5 hours longer than urban. Concentration of fine particle PM_2.5 is much higher than that of coarse particulate defined by PM₁₀ minus PM_2.5 during heavy air pollution process. The former has obvious increasing trend and the latter doesn't change obviously with time. Concentrations of PM₁₀ and PM_2.5 reach peaks at 1300 BT and 2200 BT, and maintain low values from 0500 BT to 1000 BT every day. Pollutant concentration rises fast from 1000 BT to 1300 BT. Unlike typical process with a downward trend after noontime, there is an average concentration peak of pollutants in Xi'an during the heavy air pollution process. This phenomenon is probably caused by factors including very low boundary layer height, the Guanzhong Basin terrain and diurnal variation of local ground wind.
- air quality;
- meteorological conditions;
- impact factors

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Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Variations of visibility and pollutant concentration at Xi'an from 0800 BT 15 Dec to 0800 BT 26 Dec in 2013

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Fig. 2 500 hPa average geopotential height (solid line, unit:dagpm), temperature (dotted line, unit:℃) and wind (vecter) (a)2000 BT 18 Dec to 2000 BT 25 Dec in 2013, (b)2000 BT 26 Dec to 2000 BT 27 Dec in 2013

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Fig. 3 Time and height section of wind (barb) and relative humidity (isoline, unit:%)(a), water vapor flux (vector, unit:g·cm^-1·hPa^-1·s^-1) and flux divergence (isoline, unit:10^-8 g·cm^-2·hPa^-1·s^-1)(b), vertical velocity (unit: Pa·s^-1)(c) at Xi'an from 0800 BT 15 Dec to 0800 BT 27 Dec in 2013

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Fig. 4 Height and time section of temperature stratification at Xi'an from 0800 BT 15 Dec to 0800 BT 27 Dec in 2013

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Fig. 5 Variations of boundary layer heights over Xi'an from 0800 BT 15 Dec to 0800 BT 27 Dec in 2013

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Fig. 6 Diurnal variation of concentration of PM_2.5(a) and PM₁₀ minus PM_2.5(b) at Xi'an during heavy air pollution period from 2000 BT 17 Dec to 0800 BT 25 Dec in 2013

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Fig. 7 Diurnal variation of relative humidity (a) and visibility (b) at Xi'an during heavy air pollution period from 2000 BT 17 Dec to 0800 BT 25 Dec in 2013

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Fig. 8 Diurnal variation of wind field at Xi'an, Changan and Lintong during heavy air pollution period from 2000 BT 17 Dec to 0800 BT 25 Dec in 2013

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Fig. 9 Diurnal variations of boundary layer height at Xi'an during heavy air pollution period from 2000 BT 17 Dec to 0800 BT 25 Dec in 2013(solid line) and other period (dotted line)

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Table 1 Ambient air quality and surface meteorological elements at Xi'an from 16 Dec to 26 Dec in 2013

日期	AQI	PM_2.5浓度 (μg·m^-3)	日平均能见度/km	日平均风速/(m·s^-1)	日平均相对湿度/%	日平均气温/℃
16日	107	93	4.2	0.8	66	3.4
17日	178	180	2.9	0.8	75	1.3
18日	410	404	1.1	0.9	83	0.8
19日	499	420	0.8	0.8	83	-0.3
20日	499	421	1.2	0.8	76	1.6
21日	450	385	1.3	0.8	77	0.7
22日	436	421	1.5	0.7	73	-0.8
23日	500	502	1.1	0.6	84	-1.1
24日	500	597	1.0	0.7	82	0.1
25日	500	547	1.4	0.6	77	1.6
26日	113	135	7.8	1.0	50	0.5

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