Simulation of Various Connecting Patterns During the Lightning Connection Process Based on the Stochastic Lightning Leader Model

Liao Yihui; Lü Weitao; Qi Qi; Zhang Rong; Zhang Dongdong; Tan Yongbo; Zhang Yijun

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20160311

Vol.27, NO.3, 2016

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2016 > 27(3): 361-369

Liao Yihui, Lü Weitao, Qi Qi, et al. Simulation of various connecting patterns during the lightning connection process based on the stochastic lightning leader model. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(3): 361-369. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160311.

Citation:

Liao Yihui, Lü Weitao, Qi Qi, et al. Simulation of various connecting patterns during the lightning connection process based on the stochastic lightning leader model. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(3): 361-369. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160311.

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Simulation of Various Connecting Patterns During the Lightning Connection Process Based on the Stochastic Lightning Leader Model

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160311

Liao Yihui^1,2,
Lü Weitao^2,3,
Qi Qi²,
Zhang Rong²,
Zhang Dongdong¹,
Tan Yongbo^{1,2,3
,
,},
Zhang Yijun^2,3

1.
College of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
2.
Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
3.
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044

Received Date: 2015-11-02
Rev Recd Date: 2016-02-22
Publish Date: 2016-05-31

Abstract

Abstract

Considering the observed fact that most upward connecting leaders (UCL) does not branch during downward negative cloud-to-ground (CG) strikes, the simulation scheme of upward positive leaders is modified based on the existing two-dimensional (2D) stochastic lightning model. In addition, two connecting patterns, i.e., the tip-to-tip connecting and the tip-to-lateral connecting (lateral strike) between the downward leader and the UCL are simulated during the process in which lightning strikes tall buildings. Sensitivity experiments are carried out on the connecting process between leaders during the process of lightning striking a tall building by altering the horizontal distance between the initiation point of the downward leader (at a height of 1000 m) and the tall building. Results indicate that when the value of d increases from 0 to 700 m, the probability of a lateral strike for the UCL generally exhibits a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. As the value of d increases, the length of the UCL exhibits an increasing trend, and the ratio of the part of the UCL above the connecting point accounting for the entire length of the UCL upon the lateral strike generally exhibits an increasing trend. The probability of each grounding position is under the influence of the horizontal distance. The UCL initiating from the top of tall structures is longer than that initiating from the ground or the side surface of tall structures. Furthermore, tall structures with different heights are also investigated.
- tall structures;
- connecting point;
- grounding point;
- tip-to-lateral

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References(24)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram for the development of the leader

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Fig. 2 The building and the selection of initiation positions for the downward leader

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Fig. 3 Different connection behavior at different grounding points

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Fig. 4 Changes of grounding probability at different locations with d(a) and changes of the average length of UCL with d(b)

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Fig. 5 Simulation results of the tip-to-lateral connection behavior with different d

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图 6 UCL受侧击概率随d的变化 (a) 及R随d的变化 (b)

(R为UCL连接点以上的长度与UCL总长度比值的平均值)

Fig. 6 Changes of probability of tip-to-lateral connection behavior with d(a) and changes of R with d(b)

(R is the average ratio of the length between connection point to the tip of UCL and the whole length of UCL)

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Table 1 Grounding probability at different locations

d/m	地面/%	高建筑物侧面/%	高建筑物顶面/%
0	0	0	100
100	0	0	100
200	0	1	99
300	0	4	96
400	4	23	74
500	25	34	41
600	54	31	15
700	84	14	2

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Table 2 The length of UCL initiating from different locations

d/m	地面		建筑物侧面		建筑物顶面
d/m	范围/m	平均值/m	范围/m	平均值/m	范围/m	平均值/m
0					44~400	189
100					58~376	187
200			10~24	16	118~428	198
300			24~30	16	134~464	211
400	10~38	18	10~44	18	104~516	245
500	10~58	19	10~64	21	142~569	276
600	10~68	18	10~77	20	157~519	296
700	10~72	18	10~58	16	197~494	317

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Table 3 The length of UCL initiating from the top of the tall structure

d/m	头部连接的UCL		受侧击的UCL
d/m	范围/m	平均值/m	范围/m	平均值/m
0	44~288	183	74~400	199
100	58~356	179	118~376	198
200	128~428	191	118~390	207
300	134~373	190	134~464	229
400	104~516	239	132~436	251
500	148~508	265	142~569	285
600	157~490	285	187~519	306
700	197~494	307	188~450	320

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Table 4 Simulation results of tip-to-lateral connection as the value of d changes

d/m	N_t	N_l	P/%	R	L_u/m	L_c/m
0	400	136	35	0.13	199	27
100	400	165	41	0.17	198	35
200	396	175	44	0.18	207	42
300	384	203	53	0.26	229	66
400	295	149	51	0.26	251	71
500	165	95	58	0.34	285	101
600	59	31	53	0.37	306	110
700	7	2	29	0.49	320	156
注：N_t为接地点在建筑物顶面的次数，N_l为UCL受侧击的次数，P为UCL受侧击的概率, R为UCL连接点以上的长度与UCL总长度比值的平均值，L_u为UCL平均长度，L_c为连接点到UCL头部的长度。

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