An Assessment of the Tropical Pacific Latent Heat Flux Simulated by BCC_CSM 1.1(m)

Tang Huiqing; Zeng Gang; Huang Yue

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20160409

Vol.27, NO.4, 2016

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2016 > 27(4): 463-472

Tang Huiqing, Zeng Gang, Huang Yue. An assessment of the tropical pacific latent heat flux simulated by BCC_CSM 1.1(m). J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(4): 463-472. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160409.

Citation:

Tang Huiqing, Zeng Gang, Huang Yue. An assessment of the tropical pacific latent heat flux simulated by BCC_CSM 1.1(m). J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(4): 463-472. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160409.

Tang Huiqing, Zeng Gang, Huang Yue. An assessment of the tropical pacific latent heat flux simulated by BCC_CSM 1.1(m). J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(4): 463-472. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160409.

Citation:

Tang Huiqing, Zeng Gang, Huang Yue. An assessment of the tropical pacific latent heat flux simulated by BCC_CSM 1.1(m). J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(4): 463-472. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160409.

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An Assessment of the Tropical Pacific Latent Heat Flux Simulated by BCC_CSM 1.1(m)

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160409

Tang Huiqing¹,
Zeng Gang^{1,2
,
,},
Huang Yue¹

1.
Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology/Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210044
2.
Plateau Atmosphere and Environment Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610225

Received Date: 2015-11-19
Rev Recd Date: 2016-05-11
Publish Date: 2016-07-31

Abstract

Abstract

The simulated tropical Pacific annual mean latent heat flux by BCC_CSM1.1(m) as well as 14 other CMIP5 models are analyzed and compared with observations from objectively analyzed air-sea fluxes (OAFlux). Some possible causes for annual latent heat flux trend biases in BCC_CSM1.1(m) are investigated.Biases of annual average latent heat flux between observations and BCC_CSM1.1(m) in the tropical ocean and west boundary current area is larger, while in mid-high latitudes is smaller. Annual average latent heat flux is larger than observations, and annual mean latent heat flux variance is smaller than observations. The tropical Pacific annual and zonal mean latent heat flux is quite different in different latitudes. Simulation results of BCC_CSM1.1(m) near 10°N and 8°S have relatively large biases, while the biases are rather small in equator. So BCC_CSM1.1(m) needs to focus on improving the simulation of Pacific latent heat flux near 10° in each hemisphere.Among 15 CMIP5 models, NorESM1_M gives the best simulation result, and the root mean square error is the smallest, while the root mean square error of GISS_E2_R result is the largest. The root mean square error of BCC_CSM1.1(m) result is 22.9 W·m^-2, ranking eighth among all models, which indicates a moderate simulating ability.The trend of the tropical Pacific annual mean latent heat flux in BCC_CSM1.1(m) has biases comparing with the observation, and the cause can be concluded in 3 aspects. First, the local contribution horizontal wind speed to latent heat flux trend is underestimated in BCC_CSM1.1(m). Second, there are large biases for simulated non-local contribution of horizontal wind speed in BCC_CSM1.1(m). Finally, the response to the global warming of horizontal wind speed in BCC_CSM1.1(m) has large biases as well. Therefore, the main cause for trend biases of tropical Pacific annual mean latent heat flux is the large simulation deviation of horizontal wind speed in BCC_CSM1.1(m), and therefore the model needs improving in horizontal wind speed simulation.
- BCC_CSM1.1(m);
- latent heat flux;
- tropical Pacific

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References(33)

Figures and Tables

图 1 BCC_CSM1.1(m) 模式模拟的年平均潜热通量与观测偏差空间分布

(a) 潜热通量气候态的偏差，(b) 潜热通量方差的偏差

Fig. 1 Spatial patterns of annual latent heat flux biases in BCC_CSM1.1(m) relative to the observation

(a) bias of climate mean latent heat flux, (b) bias of latent heat flux variance

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 热带太平洋纬向平均的年平均潜热通量的模拟结果对比 (灰色曲线表示其他14个模式结果) (a) BCC_CSM1.1(m) 模式纬向平均潜热通量与多模式的比较，(b) CMIP5模式纬向平均潜热通量与观测偏差

Fig. 2 Zonal-mean annual latent heat flux over the tropical Pacific of 15 CMIP5 models (a), and differences between the simulated and the observation (b)

(grey lines indicate results in other 14 models except BCC_CSM1.1(m))

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 3 The root mean square error of annual latent heat flux over the tropical Pacific in CMIP5 models

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 4 3-year moving averages of annual latent heat flux, SST, wind speed and air specific humidity reconstructed series over the tropical Pacific by the observation (a) and BCC_CSM1.1(m)(b)

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 5 Slope distributions of annual mean f′_LHF, , , , over the tropical Pacific by the observation (a) and BCC_CSM1.1(m)(b) from 1979 to 2005

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 6 Normalized time series of the annual latent heat flux, sea surface temperature and wind speed over the tropical Pacific and T_g index from the observation (a) and BCC_CSM1.1(m)(b)

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Table 1 Information of 15 CMIP5 models

模式	国家	水平分辨率
BCC_CSM1.1(m)	中国	1.12°×1.12°
CCSM4	美国	1.25°×1.25°
CanESM2	加拿大	2.79°×2.79°
CSIRO_MK3-6-0	澳大利亚	1.87°×1.87°
FGOALS-g2	中国	3.00°×3.00°
GISS_E2_H	美国	2.00°×2.50°
GISS_E2_R	美国	2.00°×2.50°
HadCM3	英国	2.50°×3.71°
HadGEM2_ES	英国	1.25°×1.87°
INM_CM4	俄国	1.50°×2.00°
IPSL_CM5A_LR	法国	1.89°×3.71°
IPSL_CM5A_MR	法国	1.27°×2.48°
MPI_ESM_LR	德国	1.86°×1.87°
MPI_ESM_MR	德国	1.86°×1.87°
NorESM1_M	挪威	1.89°×2.48°

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Table 2 Correlation coefficients of 1979-2005 annual mean latent heat flux to its impact factors over the tropical Pacific in BCC_CSM1.1(m) and observations

因子	原始数据	重置序列
潜热通量	0.38	0.78^*
近海表风速	0.03	0.60^*
海表温度	0.65^*	0.87^*
比湿	0.52^*	0.80^*
注：*表示达到0.05的显著性水平。

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Table 3 Trend slopes of annual latent heat flux and its impact factors over the tropical and subtropical Pacific by the observation and BCC_CSM1.1(m) from 1979 to 2005

因子	观测数据	观测重置序列	BCC_CSM数据	BCC_CSM重置序列
潜热通量/(W·m^-2/(10 a))	2.95±0.83^*	3.02±0.19^*	0.52±0.20^*	0.66±0.08^*
近海表风速/(m·s^-1/(10 a))	0.08±0.06	0.08±0.02^*	0.01±0.01	0.01±0.002^*
海表温度/(℃/(10 a))	0.11±0.02^*	0.07±0.02^*	0.20±0.07^*	0.23±0.07^*
比湿/(g·kg^-1/(10 a))	0.06±0.03^*	0.03±0.01^*	0.22±0.07^*	0.23±0.06^*
注：*表示趋势达到0.05显著性水平。

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