Vol.27, NO.4, 2016
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2016  >  27(4): 488-497
Qi Pengcheng, Zheng Dong, Zhang Yijun, et al. Climatological characteristics and spatio-temporal correspondence of lightning and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(4): 488-497. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20160412.
Citation: Qi Pengcheng, Zheng Dong, Zhang Yijun, et al. Climatological characteristics and spatio-temporal correspondence of lightning and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(4): 488-497. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20160412.
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Climatological Characteristics and Spatio-temporal Correspondence of Lightning and Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160412
  • 1.

    Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • 2.

    Xinzhou Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, Xinzhou 034000

  • Received Date: 2015-11-23
  • Rev Recd Date: 2016-03-22
  • Publish Date: 2016-07-31
    Abstract
  • Based on the analysis of TRMM data from 1998 to 2013, climatological characteristics of lightning activities, precipitation and their relationships over the Tibetan Plateau are investigated. The largest densities of lightning are over the central and northeast parts of the Plateau, with the maximum lightning density over the central Plateau reaching 6.2 fl·km-2·a-1. Nevertheless, the strongest precipitation occurs over the southeast part of the Plateau where the value is above 800 mm·a-1. Both the lightning activity and precipition move westward in May and then retreat in September over the most parts of the Plateau, while the strong lightning activity over the northeast of the Plateau barely moves. Unlike the lightning activity, the precipitation shows a cascade change from southeast to northwest. In chosen specified areas, the lightning and precipitation show parallel changes, including their active periods from May to September and single peak patterns. Except for the west and southeast parts of the Plateau, the peak months of lightning and precipitation in other areas are the same. The geographic distribtuion of the rainfall per flash (RPF) is then investigated and exhibits that the minimum RPF appears over the central and west parts of the Plateau, ranging from 5×107 to 7×107 kg·fl-1. The maximum RPF reaches above 1×109 kg·fl-1 over the area along the Himalayas, stretching to the southeast part of the Plateau, and over the northern Plateau near the Kunlun Mountains. Combined with the analysis of TRMM precipitation features (PFs), it is exposed that the lightning can be the proxy of deep convective activity over the plateau, while RPF can effectively represent the percentage of deep convective systems in all precipitation systems. In this way, the mid-west and northeast parts of the Plateau account for the largest percentage of deep convective activities in the whole precipitation system, while the southeast parts of the Plateau account for the smallest percentage, indicating that most of the precipitation over the southeast parts of the Plateau might be contributed by warm clouds.
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    References(27)

  • Fig. 1  Terrain of the Tibetan Plateau in the target area

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    Fig. 2  Annual changes of lightning density and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau

    (a) region 1, (b) region 2, (c) region 3, (d) region 4, (e) region 5

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    Fig. 3  Lightning density and precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau

    (a) annual mean lightning density (unit:fl·km-2), (b) annual precipitation (unit:mm)

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    Fig. 4  Monthly average lightning density over the Tibetan Plateau in Apr (a), May (b), Jun (c), Jul (d), Aug (e) and Sep (f)

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    Fig. 5  Daily precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in Apr (a), May (b), Jun (c), Jul (d), Aug (e) and Sep (f)

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    Fig. 6  Monthly variations of daily lightning density and daily rain rate over the Tibetan Plateau in region 1(a), region 2(b), region 3(c), region 4(d) and region 5(e)

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    Fig. 7  The distribution of RPF over Tibetan Plateau in the periods with frequent lightning activity from Apr to Sep

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    Fig. 8  Spatial distribution of characteristics of PFs over the Tibetan Plateau

    (a) the ratio of the PFs with lightning to all the PFs, (b) the ratio of the PFs with 40 dBZ echo above 8 km to all PFs

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    • Received : 2015-11-23
    • Accepted : 2016-03-22
    • Published : 2016-07-31
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