Characteristics and Simulation of Artificially Triggered Lightning Precursor Current Pulse

Qian Yong; Zhang Yang; Zhang Yijun; Chen Lüwen; Lü Weitao; Zheng Dong; Chen Shaodong; Yan Xu; Xu Liangtao

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20160608

Vol.27, NO.6, 2016

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2016 > 27(6): 716-724

Qian Yong, Zhang Yang, Zhang Yijun, et al. Characteristics and simulation of artificially triggered lightning precursor current pulse. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(6): 716-724. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160608.

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Qian Yong, Zhang Yang, Zhang Yijun, et al. Characteristics and simulation of artificially triggered lightning precursor current pulse. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(6): 716-724. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160608.

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Characteristics and Simulation of Artificially Triggered Lightning Precursor Current Pulse

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160608

Qian Yong^1,2,3,
Zhang Yang^{1,3
,
,},
Zhang Yijun^1,3,
Chen Lüwen⁴,
Lü Weitao^1,3,
Zheng Dong^1,3,
Chen Shaodong^3,4,
Yan Xu^3,4,
Xu Liangtao^1,3

1.
Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
Lightning Protection and Disaster Reduction Center of Xinjiang, Urumchi 830001
3.
Guangzhou Field Experiment Site for Lightning Research and Testing, Guangzhou 510080
4.
Lightning Protection Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510080

Received Date: 2016-04-30
Rev Recd Date: 2016-07-18
Publish Date: 2016-11-30

Abstract

Abstract

During summers from 2010 to 2014, two kinds of rocket are used for artificially triggered lightning experiments in Guangzhou Field Experiment Site for Lightning Research and Testing. Based on the analysis upon current data of 25 classical rocket-and-wire triggered lightings, it can be confirmed that the unipolar precursor pulse is generated from the lightning triggered by copper wire, while the unipolar precursor pulse is generated from the lightning triggered by steel wire. As for the unipolar precursor pulse, the geometric mean (GM) values of peak current, rise time, duration of waveform and charge transfer are 26 A, 0.33 μs, 2.3 μs and 27 μC, respectively. While for the bipolar precursor pulse, the corresponding values are 67 A, 0.24 μs, 2.1 μs and 54 μC, respectively. The GM value of peak current for bipolar precursor pulse is close to 2.6 times that of the unipolar precursor pulse, however, GM values of duration and rise time are similar. Furthermore, the channel base current waveforms generated from copper and steel line are simulated by using the transmission line model. The simulated waveform is consistent with the observed one. The channel base current waveforms exhibit a bipolar oscillation, which can be caused by the obviously small characteristic impedance for copper wire than the grounding block. It is confirmed that the two forms of current waveform are caused by the difference between characteristics impedance of transmission line and grounding system. Precursor pulses are known that can be attributed to the superposition between the channel top current pulses and the bottom reflected current pulses. The current flows into the grounding system. If the characteristic impedance of transmission line doesn't match with the characteristic impedance of grounding system, the current will reflect at the connecting point between the transmission line and grounding system. With larger difference between the characteristic impedance of transmission line and grounding system, the reflection is more obvious. As a contrast, the characteristic impedance of steel wire is close to that of grounding system, which leads to weak reflection. Therefore, the current at the channel bottom generated from triggered lightning with steel wire is the same as the top current. The current pulses generated by the upward leader initial discharge at the top of the transmission line are unipolar. The conclusion is also verified by simulation results.
- artificially triggered lightning;
- precursor pulse;
- characteristic parameters;
- simulation

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References(25)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Artificially triggered lightning current measurement schematic

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Fig. 2 Bipolar precursor current pulse

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Fig. 3 Unipolar precursor current pulse

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Fig. 4 Parameters of the current pulse

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图 5 两种极性的脉冲参数分布

(a) 电流峰值，(b) 转移电荷量，(c) 持续时间，(d) 半峰值宽度，(e) 10%~90%的上升时间，(f) 10%~90%陡度

Fig. 5 Two polarity precursor current pulse parameter distributions

(a) peak current, (b) charge transfer, (c) time of duration, (d) half peak width, (e) 10%-90% rise time, (f) 10%-90% slope

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Fig. 6 Channel bottom unipolar current pulse

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图 7 两种传输线通道底部电流波形的模拟结果

(a) 0.2 mm铜线的模拟结果，(b) 0.2 mm钢丝的模拟结果

Fig. 7 Simulation results of two kinds of transmission line channel bottom current waveforms

(a) simulation results of 0.2 mm copper wire, (b) simulation results of 0.2 mm steel wire

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Table 1 Unipolar precursor current pulse waveform parameters of the artificial triggered lightning

单极性脉冲	I_p/A	T₁₀/μs	S₁₀/(kA·μs^-1)	T_W/μs	Q/μC	T_HPW/μs
算术平均值	28	0.39	0.08	2.4	30	0.81
几何平均值	26	0.33	0.06	2.3	27	0.73
标准偏差	13	0.25	0.07	0.7	12	0.38
最大值	131	1.75	0.64	4.7	69	3.12
最小值	13	0.08	0.01	1.0	8	0.16
中值	24	0.32	0.06	2.4	29	0.75

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Table 2 Bipolar precursor current pulse waveform parameters of the artificial triggered lightning

双极性脉冲	I_p/A	T₁₀/μs	S₁₀/(kA·μs^-1)	T_W/μs	Q/μC	T_HPW/μs
算术平均值	78	0.28	0.55	2.2	73	0.88
几何平均值	67	0.24	0.25	2.1	54	0.70
标准偏差	43	0.22	0.35	0.7	66	0.63
最大值	201	1.28	1.68	5.4	302	2.35
最小值	22	0.07	0.02	0.8	13	0.15
中值	71	0.17	0.30	2.4	52	0.64

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Table 3 Simulated numerical results

模拟结果	初始电流	铜线		钢丝
模拟结果	初始电流	测量结果	模拟结果	测量结果	模拟结果
电流峰值/A	28	69	68	25	26
波形持续时间/μs	2.8	1.8	1.6	2.1	2.6
10%~90%上升时间/μs	0.2	0.18	0.21	0.19	0.2

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