Wu Xiao, Bai Wenguang. Development of nonlinear regression model to estimate OLR based on FY-3/IRAS. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(2): 189-199. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20170206.
Citation: Wu Xiao, Bai Wenguang. Development of nonlinear regression model to estimate OLR based on FY-3/IRAS. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(2): 189-199. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20170206.

Development of Nonlinear Regression Model to Estimate OLR Based on FY-3/IRAS

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170206
  • Received Date: 2016-10-29
  • Rev Recd Date: 2017-01-18
  • Publish Date: 2017-03-31
  • OLR (outgoing longwave radiation) is the radiative energy flux the Earth and atmosphere emit out into the outspace, which is one of three components of the Earth and atmosphere radiative budget system, reflecting the climate and weather characteristics. Since the invention of meteorological satellites, OLR products have been processed for more than 40 years. Numerous methods have been developed to estimate OLR from satellite observations, including the relationship between the window channel brightness temperature of AVHRR and the flux equivalent brightness temperature proposed by Arnald Gruber in 1977 and George Ohring in 1984, regression models relating OLR with narrow band fluxes of window channel and water vapour channel of geostationary meteorological satellites developed by Liu in 1988, the linear and none-linear models relating OLR with satellite multi-channel radiances developed by Enllingson in 1994 and Lee in 2010. At the same time, broadband instruments such as ERBE and CERES on board of NOAA, Nimbus, Terra, Aqua are designed to directly observe OLR from outspace. Due to the high quality, CERES OLR products become the best available data to validate other retrieved OLR products.The IRAS (infrared atmospheric sounder) on board of FY-3 polar meteorological satellites carry 26 channels, among which 20 channels are used to observe radiances at the top of the Earth atmosphere at the wavenumber between 669 cm-1 and 2666 cm-1.These narrow band radiances have high relations with the full wavenumber radiative flux (OLR) the Earth and atmosphere emit. Therefore, a formula is derived for calculating OLR with multi-channel radiances of IRAS through infrared radiative transfer simulation. Based on radiances at top of atmosphere simulated with LBLRTM (line by line radiative transfer model) software for 2521 atmospheric profiles and statistical regression, a nonlinear model which relates OLR with multi-channel radiances of FY-3/IRAS are developed. By applying the model into FY-3/IRAS L1 data, the global daily mean OLR and monthly mean OLR data in April 2016 are produced. Comparing the IRAS OLR data with the Aqua/CERES and Terra/CERES OLR products, the root mean square error is 7.5 W·m-2, the correlation coefficient is 0.98, the mean bias is-0.2 W·m-2 when comparing the IRAS daily mean OLR with that of CERES. The root mean square error is 2.22 W·m-2, the correlation coefficient is 0.9982, and the mean bias is-0.2 W·m-2 when comparing the IRAS monthly mean OLR with that of CERES. The accuracy indicates that both the calibration quality of FY-3/IRAS instruments and the OLR retrieval model all achieve at a high level. In addition, OLR retrieval models used by various satellites since 1970 are also reviewed in brief.
  • Fig. 1  Simulated radiances at top of atmosphere for a clear-sky atmospheric profile with surface temperature 285.74 K and surface pressure 1016 hPa

    Fig. 2  Simulated radiances at top of atmosphere for a overcast atmospheric profile with cloud top temperature 220.43 K and cloud top pressure 201 hPa

    Fig. 3  Residuals of OLR predicated from the nonlinear model minus that simulated OLR plotted against TBB from channel 9 of IRAS

    Fig. 4  Daytime OLR estimated from FY-3C/IRAS observation on 30 Apr 2016

    Fig. 5  Distribution of daily mean OLR from FY-3B/IRAS and FY-3C/IRAS on 15 Apr 2016(unit:W·m-2)

    Fig. 6  Distribution of daily mean OLR from Aqua/CERES and Terra/CERES on 15 Apr 2016(unit:W·m-2)

    Fig. 7  Distribution of monthly mean OLR from FY-3B/IRAS and FY-3C/IRAS in Apr 2016(unit:W·m-2)

    Fig. 8  Distribution of monthly mean OLR from Aqua/CERES and Terra/CERES in Apr 2016(unit:W·m-2)

    Fig. 9  Monthly mean OLR of IRAS minus that of CERES in Apr 2016(unit:W·m-2)

    Fig. 10  Comparision between monthly mean OLR of IRAS and that of CERES in Apr 2016

    Table  1  The precision of OLR retrieval models

    卫星 仪器 模式 均方根误差/(W·m-2)
    NOAA SR, AVHRR TF=a+b×TB5+c×TB52 5.6
    FY-3 VIRR TF=a+b×TB5+c×TB52 5.65
    METEOSAT SEVIRI 3.0
    FY-2 VISSR 3.65
    NOAA HIRS 2.0
    GOES-R ABI 4.0
    FY-4 IMAGER 2.51
     注:均方根误差是指在模式建立过程的回归分析中,用已建立的模式计算每条廓线的OLR,再与廓线自身的OLR进行比较,以均方根误差统计的模式回归误差。
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    Table  2  Spectrums of FY-3C IRAS

    通道 中心波数/cm-1 主要探测目的
    1 669.9 大气温度的垂直分布 (30 hPa温度)
    2 680.4 60 hPa温度
    3 691.3 100 hPa温度
    4 703.4 400 hPa温度
    5 715.5 600 hPa温度
    6 732.7 800 hPa温度
    7 749.4 900 hPa温度
    8 801.6 表面温度
    9 898.6 表面温度
    10 1032.0 O3总含量
    11 1343.8 水汽的垂直分布 (900 hPa水汽)
    12 1364.2 700 hPa水汽
    13 1528.2 500 hPa水汽
    14 2190.8 大气温度的垂直分布 (100 hPa温度)
    15 2209.5 950 hPa温度
    16 2236.1 700 hPa温度
    17 2242.2 700 hPa温度
    18 2387.4 5 hPa温度
    19 2517.1 表面温度
    20 2668.2 表面温度
    21 14421.8 表面反射率
    22 11261.3 表面反射率
    23 10567.3 表面反射率
    24 10604.2 表面反射率
    25 8109.2 表面反射率
    26 6054.3 表面反射率
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    • Received : 2016-10-29
    • Accepted : 2017-01-18
    • Published : 2017-03-31

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