Tan Yongbo, Zhang Xin, Xiang Chunyan, et al. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of side flash on buildings. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(2): 227-236. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20170210.
Citation: Tan Yongbo, Zhang Xin, Xiang Chunyan, et al. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of side flash on buildings. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(2): 227-236. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20170210.

Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Side Flash on Buildings

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170210
  • Received Date: 2016-09-19
  • Rev Recd Date: 2017-01-11
  • Publish Date: 2017-03-31
  • Lightning is among the top ten kinds of natural disasters. Observations show that the connecting of downward leader and upward leader happen on the corner of tall buildings, a few take place on the side of buildings, but the damage of side flash shouldn't be ignored. As the side of the lightning protection is relatively weak, the side flash brings huge shock wave and strong electromagnetic radiation, causing great threat to buildings and human securities. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss processes and causes of side flash.On the basis of the existing leader developing random pattern of three-dimensional near-ground lightning, keeping other model settings unchanged, by changing initial potential of downward leader and geometrical property, many model studies on the development of occurrence of side flash are carried out, and statistics of the probability of side flash in various circumstances are performed. Results show that electric field strength of the top corner of the building is an important condition for the occurrence of side flash. When the downward leader is close to the building and below the height of the building, the value of electric field will reach the triggering threshold value, and the side flash is prone to take place. Moreover, initial potential of the downward leader and geometrical properties (height and width) of the building are important factors affecting the probability of side flash occurrence. When initial potential of the downward leader is between-9 MV and-3 MV, the probability of side flash increases at first and then decreases. When the initial potential of downward leader is-4.5 MV, the probability of side flash reaches a maximum. When the height of the building is between 50 m and 150 m, the probability of side flash increases at first and then decreases. When the height of the building is 100 m, the probability of side flash reaches a maximum. When the width of the building is between 30 m and 70 m, the probability of side flash decreases with the increase of the width. When the width of the building is 30 m, the probability of side flash reaches a maximum.These results are beneficial for the three-dimensional simulation of different connecting behavior and modifications of the electric field at the building corner, as well as the research on causes and influencing factors of side flash.
  • Fig. 1  Diagram of three-dimensional simulation region

    Fig. 2  Different connecting behavior on different grounding point (a) random parameter is 11, (b) random parameter is 9, (c) random parameter is 12, (d) random parameter is 68, (e) random parameter is 27

    Fig. 3  Plot of potential distribution (unit: V)

    Fig. 4  Modifications of the electric field at the building corner when the side flash appear (a) lightning strike to the corner, (b) lightning strike to the side

    Fig. 5  The relation curve of initial potential of downward leader along with the effect of side flash

    Fig. 6  Different connecting behaviors and modifications of the electric field at the building corner

    (a) when the initial potential is-3 MV, the different connecting behavior, (b) when the initial potential is-3 MV, modifications of the electric field on the building corner, (c) when the initial potential is-4.5 MV, the different connecting behavior, (d) when the initial potential is-4.5 MV, modifications of the electric field on the building corner, (e) when the initial potential is-8 MV, the different connecting behavior, (f) when the initial potential is-8 MV, modifications of the electric field on the building corner

    Fig. 7  Probability and statistics of side flash under conditions of different height and width of tall buildings

    Fig. 8  Modifications of the electric field at the building corner under the conditions of different height (a) and different width (b) of tall buildings

    Table  1  Statistical results of stroke points

    位置 击中概率/%
    建筑物拐角 18
    建筑物侧边 45
    建筑物顶面 19
    建筑物侧面 7
    地面 11
    DownLoad: Download CSV
  • [1]
    陈渭民.雷电学原理.北京:气象出版社, 2003.
    [2]
    Rakov V G.The physics of lightning.Surveys in Geophysics, 2013, 34(6):701-729. doi:  10.1007/s10712-013-9230-6
    [3]
    张义军, 周秀骥.雷电研究的回顾和进展.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(6):829-834. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=200606130&flag=1
    [4]
    马明, 吕伟涛, 张义军, 等.1997—2006年我国雷电灾情特征.应用气象学报, 2008, 19(4):393-400. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20080402&flag=1
    [5]
    GB50057-2010建筑物防雷设计规范. 北京: 中国计划出版社, 2013.
    [6]
    Orville R E, Idone V P.Lightning leader characteristics in the Thunderstorm Research International Program (TRIP).J Geophys Res, 1982, 87 (C13):11177-11192. doi:  10.1029/JC087iC13p11177
    [7]
    Idone V P.Length bounds for connecting discharges in triggered lightning subsequent strokes.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1990, 952:20409-20416. doi:  10.1029/JD095iD12p20409/full#footer-citing
    [8]
    Wang D, Rakov V A, Uman M A, et al.Attachment process in rocket-triggered lightning strokes.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1999, 104(D2):2143-2150. doi:  10.1029/1998JD200070
    [9]
    Hartono Z A, Robiah I, Darveniza M. A Database of Lightning Damage Caused by Bypasses of Air Terminals on Buildings in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia//International Symposium on Lightning Protection. University of Sao Paulo, 2010: 211-216.
    [10]
    潘佐广.建筑物防侧击雷技术分析.中国高新技术企业, 2011(30):104-105. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGGX201130050.htm
    [11]
    邓锋, 吴少丰.高层建筑防侧击雷问题的讨论.广东气象, 2002(1):19-20. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDCX2002S2007.htm
    [12]
    Mazur V, Ruhnke L H, Bondiou-Clergerie A, et al.Computer simulation of a downward negative stepped leader and its interaction with a ground structure.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2000, 105(D17):22361-22369. doi:  10.1029/2000JD900278
    [13]
    Mansell E R, Macgorman D R, Ziegler C L, et al. Simulated three-dimensional branched lightning in a numerical thunderstorm model.J Geophy Res, 2002, 107(9):ACL 2-1-ACL 2-12. doi:  10.1029/2000JD000244/full
    [14]
    谭涌波, 张冬冬, 周博文, 等.地闪近地面形态特征的数值模拟.应用气象学报, 2015, 26(2):211-220. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20150209&flag=1
    [15]
    郭秀峰, 谭涌波, 郭凤霞, 等.建筑物尖端对大气电场畸变影响的数值计算.应用气象学报, 2013, 24(2):189-196. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130207&flag=1
    [16]
    廖义慧, 吕伟涛, 齐奇, 等.基于闪电先导随机模式对不同连接形态的模拟.应用气象学报, 2016, 27(3):361-369. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20160311&flag=1
    [17]
    张义军, 吕伟涛, 张阳, 等.广州地区地闪放电过程的观测及其特征分析.高电压技术, 2013, 39(2):383-392. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GDYJ201302020.htm
    [18]
    Lu W, Zhang Y, Chen L, et al. Observation and Peliminary Analysis on the Attachment Process of Lightning Flashes Striking on High Structures//Electromagnetic Compatibility.IEEE Xplore, 2010: 1178-1180.
    [19]
    Becerra M, Cooray V.A simplified physical model to determine the lightning upward connecting leader inception.IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2008, 21(2):897-908. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/1610705/
    [20]
    Becerra M, Cooray V.A self-consistent upward leader propagation model.Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, 2006, 39(16):3708. doi:  10.1088/0022-3727/39/16/028
    [21]
    Becerra M, Cooray V.Time dependent evaluation of the lightning upward connecting leader inception.Journal of Physics D Applied Physics, 2006, 39(21):4695-4702. doi:  10.1088/0022-3727/39/21/029
    [22]
    Tan Y, Guo X, Zhu J, et al.Influence on simulation accuracy of atmospheric electric field around a building by space resolution.Atmos Res, 2014, 138:301-307. doi:  10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.11.023
    [23]
    Gao Y, Lu W, Ma Y, et al.Three-dimensional propagation characteristics of the upward connecting leaders in six negative tall-object flashes in Guangzhou.Atmos Res, 2014, 149(6):193-203. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809514002440
    [24]
    李丹.闪电先导三维自持发展模式及应用.北京:中国气象科学研究院, 2013.
    [25]
    李丹, 张义军, 吕伟涛.风力发电机叶片姿态与雷击概率关系模拟分析.应用气象学报, 2013, 24(5):585-594. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20130508&flag=1
    [26]
    任晓毓, 张义军, 吕伟涛, 等.雷击建筑物的先导连接过程模拟.应用气象学报, 2010, 21(4):450-457. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20100408&flag=1
    [27]
    任晓毓, 张义军, 吕伟涛, 等.闪电先导随机模式的建立与应用.应用气象学报, 2011, 22(2):194-202. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20110208&flag=1
    [28]
    高彦.闪电连接过程中先导三维发展特征的分析.北京:中国气象科学研究院, 2014.
    [29]
    Wang D, Takagi N, Watanabe T, et al.Observed characteristics of upward leaders that are initiated from a windmill and its lightning protection tower.Geophys Res Lett, 2008, 35(2):196-199. doi:  10.1029/2007GL032136/full
    [30]
    Miki M, Rakov V A, Shindo T, et al.Initial stage in lightning initiated from tall objects and in rocket-triggered lightning.Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 2005, 110(D2):169-190. doi:  10.1029/2003JD004474/abstract
    [31]
    Vargas M, Torres H.On the development of a lightning leader model for tortuous or branched channels-PartⅡ: Model results.Journal of Electrostatics, 2008, 66(9):489-495. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0304388608000624
    [32]
    李德林.高层建筑物防侧击雷问題.电气工程应用, 1990(2):15-17. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQGC199002004.htm
  • 加载中
  • -->

Catalog

    Figures(8)  / Tables(1)

    Article views (4069) PDF downloads(650) Cited by()
    • Received : 2016-09-19
    • Accepted : 2017-01-11
    • Published : 2017-03-31

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint