| Citation: | Zhang Linyi, Yan Peng, Mao Jietai, et al. Observational study on aerosol scattering phase function at Raoyang of Hebei, China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(4): 436-446. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170405.
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Aerosol radiative properties are key factors in the process of aerosol radiative forcing calculation. The scattering phase function and asymmetry factor facilitate the illustration of the direction of radiative transfer and the estimation of parameters in remote sensing.In the early summer of 2014, aerosol radiative parameters are obtained at Raoyang Meteorology Administration (an agricultural district) with a latest three-wavelength polar nephelometers (Aurora 4000) developed by EcoTech, Australia. Compared with the previous model, the instrument is unique in that it can measure the volume scattering coefficient from Θ through to 170° degrees and Θ is 10°, 15°, …, 90°. Based on the volume scattering coefficient, the scattering phase function can be computed with the traditional formula between them. What's more, one improved approach is proposed to calculate the asymmetry factor with the combination of scattering phase function and backscattering ratio. The backscattering ratio used can be calculated from the backscattering coefficient and total scattering coefficient as defined. Aerosol radiative properties of PM2.5 including calculated scattering phase function and the fitted asymmetry factor are presented during the observation between 16 June and 18 August in 2014. The result suggests that the improved HG aerosol particle phase function can fit the aerosol scattering phase function observed at Raoyang Meteorology Administration of Hebei well. Observed results of forward scattering phase function (15°-20°) and the backscattering ratio are all in good agreement with the numerical results. The average asymmetry factors at the wavelength of 635 nm, 525 nm and 450 nm are 0.53, 0.57 and 0.57, respectively, with no significant difference possibly due to the size distribution of aerosol. The value of it at 525 nm are accordant with analysis of previous experiments, which indicate the asymmetry factor of dry aerosol are in the range of 0.55 and 0.63 (550 nm). Two examples of different pollution status (dirty period and clean one) are chosen, depending on the scattering coefficient, and the radiative properties are different. During two dirty periods, values of asymmetry factor are between 0.55 and 0.63, which is larger than those in clean periods. For asymmetry factor, mean values at 635 nm, 525 nm and 450 nm wavelength are in the range of 0.51-0.53, 0.54, 0.54, respectively. Such results provide more details and supports for further study of radiative effects of aerosol.
Fig. 1 Observation and fitting results of backscattering ratio at 525 nm as λ=0.0(a) and λ=0.6(b)
Fig. 2 Comparison of observed and fitted results as λ=0.0 and λ=0.6 at 525 nm
Fig. 3 Average phase function(10°-90°) from 16 Jun to 18 Aug in 2014
Fig. 4 Time series of simulated asymmetry factor(g) from 16 Jun to 18 Aug in 2014
Table 1 Regression coefficient for angularscattering at 15°-20° and backscattering ratio with different λ
| λ | A1 | A2 |
| 0 | 0.978 | 1.083 |
| 0.1 | 0.981 | 1.079 |
| 0.2 | 0.985 | 1.075 |
| 0.3 | 0.990 | 1.069 |
| 0.4 | 0.997 | 1.063 |
| 0.5 | 1.007 | 1.056 |
| 0.6 | 1.022 | 1.05 |
| 0.7 | 1.052 | 1.019 |
| 0.8 | 1.071 | 1.001 |
| 0.9 | 1.072 | 1 |
| 1 | 1.072 | 1 |
| 注：回归公式PRHG=A1×P15°~20°, bRHG=A2×b，其中bRHG和b分别为后向散射比的拟合值和观测值，表中的参数A1, A2分别为线性回归系数。 | ||
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Table 2 Statistical property of asymmetry factor from 16 Jun to 18 Aug in 2014
| 统计量 | g | ||
| 635 nm | 525 nm | 450 nm | |
| 平均值 | 0.53 | 0.57 | 0.57 |
| 方差 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.07 |
| 最大值 | 0.61 | 0.66 | 0.67 |
| 最小值 | 0.35 | 0.28 | 0.24 |
| 中值 | 0.53 | 0.58 | 0.59 |
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Table 3 The asymmetry factor(g) at Raoyang of China and other regions
| 地区 | 不对称因子 | 波长/nm | 计算方法 | 文献出处 |
| 饶阳(中国，农村) | 0.57 | 525 | 本研究 | |
| 俄克拉荷马(美国，平原) | 0.55~0.63 | 550 | MIE散射、直接测量 | 文献[18] |
| 库亚巴(巴西，城市) | 0.54 | 550 | MIE散射 | 文献[39] |
| 合肥(中国，城市) | 0.75 | 550 | 经验公式 | 文献[40] |
| 兰州(中国，城市) | 0.7 | 520 | 经验公式 | 文献[41] |
| 维也纳(奥地利，城市) | 0.628 | 532 | 直接测量 | 文献[42] |
| 京都(日本，城市) | 0.59 | 532 | 直接测量 | 文献[15] |
| 注：经验公式是利用地面测量的散射、吸收系数，根据不对称因子(g)与单次散射反照率的经验公式计算；MIE散射是利用粒子谱计算得到的相函数与不对称因子(g)；直接测量是利用多角度浊度仪测量角散射系数获得相函数和不对称因子(g)。 | ||||
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Table 4 The asymmetry factor(g) in dirty and clean periods from Jul to Aug in 2014
| 过程 | 时段 | g | ||
| 635 nm | 525 nm | 450 nm | ||
| 污染过程1 | 07-06—07 | 0.56 | 0.62 | 0.63 |
| 污染过程2 | 07-31—08-02 | 0.58 | 0.62 | 0.63 |
| 清洁时段1 | 07-09—10 | 0.53 | 0.54 | 0.54 |
| 清洁时段2 | 08-04—06 | 0.51 | 0.54 | 0.54 |
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Figures(5) / Tables(4)
