Assessment of Solar Energy Resource and Its Exploitation Potential in South China

Liang Yulian; Shen Yanbo; Bai Long; Guo Peng; Chang Rui

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20170409

Vol.28, NO.4, 2017

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2017 > 28(4): 481-492

Liang Yulian, Shen Yanbo, Bai Long, et al. Assessment of solar energy resource and its exploitation potential in South China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(4): 481-492. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170409.

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Liang Yulian, Shen Yanbo, Bai Long, et al. Assessment of solar energy resource and its exploitation potential in South China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(4): 481-492. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170409.

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Assessment of Solar Energy Resource and Its Exploitation Potential in South China

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170409

Liang Yulian¹,
Shen Yanbo^{2,3
,
,},
Bai Long¹,
Guo Peng^2,3,
Chang Rui^2,3

1.
Nanning Meteorological Service of Guangxi, Nanning 530029
2.
CMA Public Meteorological Service Center, Beijing 100081
3.
CMA Wind and solar Energy Resources Center, Beijing 100081

Received Date: 2016-12-05
Rev Recd Date: 2016-01-13
Publish Date: 2017-07-31

Abstract

Abstract

Based on the exposure radiation data and sunshine hourly data of 156 standard meteorological observatories in south China during 1981-2010, temporal and spatial distribution of solar energy resource in south China is evaluated. Results show that the annual irradiation on optimal inclined plane is 1291 kW·h·m^-2, 3% higher than that on the horizontal plane. The distribution of solar energy in Guangxi and Guangdong increases as the latitude decreases, whereas it appears as high in the west and low in the east of Hainan. The stability of solar energy resource in most area of south China is at stable level except the eastern Guangxi and the northwest corner of Guangdong. Hainan's solar energy resource stability is the highest: Larger than 2/3 of its area is at very stable level and only a few parts of eastern Hainan is at stable level. Combined with terrain data and land cover data, the exploitation suitability and potential usability of solar energy resource in south China are divided and analyzed with the resolution of 90 m×90 m and 1 km×1 km. Under the resolution of 90 m×90 m, solar energy exploitation suitability zoning results show that the area of class Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ account for more than 80% of the total area in south China (occupying 22.1%, 32.4%, 26.7%, respectively), and their proportions of solar energy are slightly higher than their proportions of area. Solar energy exploitation potential results show that bare land and shrub-grass area accounts for only 13.9% of the total area in Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅲ classes. While cultivated land (34.8%) and forest land (29.2%) are the largest two land cover types in these three usable regions. In the actual exploitation and application project, besides to give priority to using bare land and shrub-grass area, cultivated land and forest land should not be abandoned directly. Under the principle of no changing land use properties of cultivated land and forest land and no sacrificing the vegetation coverage, solar energy resource should be rationally exploited in these areas. Suitability zoning results derived from data with 1 km×1 km resolution are not the same with that using data with 90 m×90 m resolution, then make statistical results of exploitation potential different. Results mainly affected by the difference of the resolution of terrain data and the acquisition time of land cover data. While making solar energy development plan, reasonable data should be chosen according to the size of actual project.
- radiation;
- suitability zoning;
- exploitation potential;
- topography;
- land cover

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References(40)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Location of observation stations

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Fig. 2 Spatial distribution of total solar radiation on horizontal plane(a) and total solar radiation with optimal angle(b) in south China of 1981-2010 revised by DEM with resolution of 90 m×90 m

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Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of solar energy resource stability in south China

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Fig. 4 Zoning of solar energy exploitation suitability in south China with resolutions of 90 m×90 m(a) and 1 km×1 km(b)

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Table 1 Data source and instruction

分辨率	数据名称	数据来源
90 m×90 m	日照百分率	中国气象局风能太阳能资源中心
	SRTM DEM、坡度、坡向数据	地理空间数据云^①
	GLC2009土地覆盖数据	欧洲太空总局^②
1 km×1 km	日照百分率	中国气象局风能太阳能资源中心
	中国1 km DEM数据集	寒区旱区科学数据中心^③
	GLC2000土地覆盖数据	寒区旱区科学数据中心

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Table 2 Calculation results and examinations of horizontal total radiation of radiation stations in south China in 2015

站名	实测值/(kW·h·m^-2)	计算值/(kW·h·m^-2)	绝对误差/(kW·h·m^-2)	相对误差/%
汕头	1497.5	1395.6	-101.9	-6.8
广州	1293.6	1166.5	-127.1	-9.8
南宁	1267.5	1223.6	-43.9	-3.5
北海	1436.0	1425.8	-10.2	-0.7
海口	1564.5	1559.2	-5.3	-0.3
三亚	1740.0	1638.8	-101.2	-5.8

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Table 3 The division standard of solar energy exploitation suitability based on slope and aspect

坡向	坡度
坡向	[0°, 5°)	[5°, 8°)	[8°, 15°)	[15°, 25°)	[25°, 90°)
偏南 [135°, 225°]	Ⅰ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
偏东南/偏西南 [90°, 135°)或(225°，270°]	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ
偏东北/偏西北 [45°, 90°)或(270°, 315°]	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ
偏北 [0°, 45°)或(315°, 360°]	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅳ
注：0°为正北，90°为正东，180°为正南，270°为正西。

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Table 4 Partition statistics of solar energy exploitation suitability in south China

统计量	分辨率	Ⅰ类地区	Ⅱ类地区	Ⅲ类地区	Ⅳ类地区
占地面积/km²	90 m×90 m	100048	146380	120631	84938
占地面积/km²	1 km×1 km	242697	181998	26848	454
面积比例/%	90 m×90 m	22.1	32.4	26.7	18.8
面积比例/%	1 km×1 km	53.1	40.3	6.1	0.1
年平均平面辐射/ (kW·h·m^-2)	90 m×90 m	1276	1262	1229	1210
年平均平面辐射/ (kW·h·m^-2)	1 km×1 km	1254	1256	1223	1196
年平均最佳斜面辐射/ (kW·h·m^-2)	90 m×90 m	1313	1300	1267	1246
年平均最佳斜面辐射/ (kW·h·m^-2)	1 km×1 km	1291	1293	1261	1230
占辐射总量百分比/%	90 m×90 m	22.6	32.9	26.3	18.2
占辐射总量百分比/%	1 km×1 km	53.7	40.3	5.9	0.1

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Table 5 Correspondence of land use type classification in this paper and the GLC data

序号	土地覆盖类型	包含的GLC中的土地覆盖类型
1	耕地	农业用地，水田^、旱地^、农林交错带^*
2	林地	常绿和落叶森林、退化森林，常绿和落叶森林^*
3	灌木或草地	灌木^、草地和稀疏植被^
4	水域或湿地	海域、河流湖泊、冰川湿地，水域^、湿地^、冰雪覆盖区^*
5	城镇用地	人类活动相关地区^、城市^
6	裸地	裸岩、沙漠，裸地或未利用地^*
注:为GLC2000数据源中的土地覆盖类型，*为两种数据源中都含有的土地覆盖类型，其余为GLC2009数据源中的土地覆盖类型。

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Table 6 Area proportion of different underlying surface types in different suitability zones(unit: %)

开发适宜区	分辨率	下垫面类型所占面积比例/%
开发适宜区	分辨率	耕地	林地	灌木或草地	水域或湿地	城镇用地	裸地
Ⅰ类地区	90 m×90 m	60.4	19.6	11.7	2.8	4.4	1.1
Ⅰ类地区	1 km×1 km	17.9	45.1	34.6	2.1	0.3
Ⅱ类地区	90 m×90 m	46.8	31.1	15.2	1.3	3.5	2.1
Ⅱ类地区	1 km×1 km	19.6	40.7	36.7	2.7	0.3
Ⅲ类地区	90 m×90 m	23.5	55.2	19.4	0.3	0.4	1.2
Ⅲ类地区	1 km×1 km	5.0	67.0	27.8	0.1	0.1
Ⅳ类地区	90 m×90 m	15.5	62.6	20.1	0.1	0.1	0.6
Ⅳ类地区	1 km×1 km	2.0	78.0	20.0	0.0	0

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Table 7 Area and resource proportion of different underlying surface types in suitable for utilization zones with resolution of 90 m×90 m

地区	土地覆盖类型	占地面积/km²	面积比例/%	资源比例/%
可开发利用地区(Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅲ)	耕地	1572845	34.8	35.1
	林地	131723	29.2	29.4
	灌木或草地	57358	12.7	12.8
	水域或湿地	5066	1.1	1.2
	城镇用地	99078	2.2	2.2
	裸地	5622	1.2	1.2
不可利用地区(Ⅳ)		84938	18.8	18.2

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