Vol.28, NO.5, 2017
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2017  >  28(5): 555-567
Wu Bin, Zhang Guangshu, Wen Jun, et al. The characteristic and current model of radiation impulse in lightning initial preliminary breakdown process. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(5): 555-567. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20170504.
Citation: Wu Bin, Zhang Guangshu, Wen Jun, et al. The characteristic and current model of radiation impulse in lightning initial preliminary breakdown process. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(5): 555-567. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20170504.
shu

The Characteristic and Current Model of Radiation Impulse in Lightning Initial Preliminary Breakdown Process

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170504
  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000

  • 2.

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

  • Received Date: 2017-02-22
  • Rev Recd Date: 2017-05-31
  • Publish Date: 2017-09-30
    Abstract
  • Physical characteristics of the initial breakdown pulse has been studied widely, but the exact three-dimensional position of the initial breakdown pulse and physical characteristics of the maximum amplitude initial breakdown pulse are not understood deeply yet. Based on three improved transmission line models and particle swarm optimization algorithm, the bipolar pulse of initial preliminary breakdown process in different types of lightning at different distances is fitted by using high-precision lightning three-dimensional radiation source localization results and synchronization data of wideband electric field pulse waveform at Datong of Qinghai. The radiation field component is modified and the current waveform of initial streamer channel and characteristic parameters are derived. The fitting effect of three models on the bipolar pulse waveform of the initial preliminary breakdown process and step leader process are comparatively analyzed, and the physical feature of the initial breakdown pulse are statistically analyzed. At the same time, the bipolar pulse propagation mechanism and physical characteristics of the lightning initial pre-breakdown process are further studied.All three models can reasonably fit the measured bipolar waveforms. and it may be more reasonable that the current in the channel exponentially decays with height. The leader process and the initial preliminary breakdown process of the negative cloud-to-ground flash show cascaded developing, and both parameters using MTLE model fitting is close, indicating their transmission features are similar. The total amount of charge, total vertical dipole moment and the path length of the initial streamer upward propagating to positive charge region are larger than that of the initial streamer downward propagating to positive charge region. It may be related with the distance between the positive and negative charge region. When fitting the bipolar pulse waveform with three improved transmission line models, no model is constantly better than the other models, and it depends on specific analysis of the pulse structure. It should be noted that some of the initial pre-puncturing process bipolar pulse sometimes superimposed on the high frequency pulse, which may affect the fitting effect, but these pulses are considered inevitable product of the lightning discharge process. The presence of these pulses cannot be ignored when fitting. The wide-band electric field pulse waveform produced by lightning discharge is also distorted by the influence of environmental factors (mountains, trees, etc.) during the transmission process, which may cause the fitting effect of the pulse rising edge and the pulse end period not ideal, and therefore, synchronized electric field pulse waveform data in other observation stations can be selected for comparison and confirmation.
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  • Fig. 1  Transmission line geometry model and the peak current of three models varies with height

    (a)model, (b)peak current

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    Fig. 2  The preliminary breakdown process and initial pulse cluster of the negative cloud-to-ground flash 20120727201503

    (a)the change of broadband electric field, (b)the change of radiation source altitude

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    Fig. 3  The preliminary breakdown process and initial pulse cluster of the negative cloud-to-ground flash 20120724162753

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    Fig. 4  The measured, fitted electric field changes and component field of IBP-1 under three models

    (a)the electric field change under MTLL model, (b)the electric field change under MTLE model, (c)the electric field change under MTLK model, (d)the component field under MTLL model, (e)the component field under MTLE model, (f)the component field under MTLK model

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    Fig. 5  The preliminary breakdown process and initial pulse cluster of positive intracloud flash 20120724165147

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    Fig. 6  The measured, fitted electric field changes and component field of IBP-2 under three models

    (a)the electric field change under MTLL model, (b)the electric field change under MTLE model, (c)the electric field change under MTLK model, (d)the component field under MTLL model, (e)the component field under MTLE model, (f)the component field under MTLK model

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    Fig. 7  The whole process of the negative cloud-to-ground flash 20120724163958 developing downward initially

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    Fig. 8  Broadband electric field and radiation source height change of the preliminary breakdown process and step leader process of the negative cloud-to-ground flash 20120724163958 whose initial streamer of negative ground flash developing downward

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    Table  1  Fitted results of 53 bipolar pulses

    放电过程(脉冲数) MTLL模型 MLTE模型 MTLK模型 平均确定系数
    拟合最佳脉冲数 确定系数 拟合最佳脉冲数 确定系数 拟合最佳脉冲数 确定系数
    负云闪初始预击穿过程(6个) 1 0.893 3 0.899 2 0.898 0.897
    正云闪初始预击穿过程(23个) 5 0.881 12 0.881 6 0.880 0.881
    初始向下负地闪初始预击穿过程(7个) 2 0.894 4 0.895 1 0.891 0.892
    初始向上负地闪初始预击穿过程(8个) 2 0.877 4 0.875 2 0.877 0.877
    初始向下发展负地闪梯级先导(9个) 2 0.856 4 0.857 3 0.855 0.854
    总双极性脉冲(53个) 12 0.879 27 0.879 14 0.8788 0.879
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    Table  2  Physical parameters of step leader pulse of the negative cloud-to-ground flash 20120724163958 whose initial streamer developing downward in MTLE model

    物理参数 初始预击穿过程 梯级先导过程
    范围 平均值 范围 平均值
    t1/μs 0.7~0.8 0.75 0.3~0.72 0.47
    (t1-t2)/μs 1.25~7.45 4.55 1.2~4.5 2.76
    v/(108 m·s-1) 1.18~1.3 1.24 1.28~1.5 1.35
    A/kA 15.32~78.23 40.65 12.10~60.49 32.99
    Q/C 0.123~0.629 0.363 0.09~0.41 0.222
    P/(C·m) 10.19~108.39 47.91 8.39~44.36 23.23
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    Table  3  Physical parameters of initial breakdown pulse of four different types of flashes in MTLE model

    放电过程 初始流光向上或向下进入正电荷区路径长度/m 起始脉冲簇中和电荷总量/C 起始脉冲簇总垂直偶极矩/(C·m)
    负云闪初始预击穿过程 947.55(向下) 1.944 227.436
    正云闪初始预击穿过程 3174.14(向上) 13.179 -4136.55
    初始向下负地闪初始预击穿过程 750.47(向下) 1.491 335.342
    初始向上负地闪初始预击穿过程 1389.24(向上) 2.744 -390.344
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    • Received : 2017-02-22
    • Accepted : 2017-05-31
    • Published : 2017-09-30
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