Vol.28, NO.5, 2017
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2017  >  28(5): 568-578
Wang Tingbo, Zheng Dong, Zhou Kanghui, et al. Contrastive analysis of lightning characteristics between rainstorm case and hailstorm case. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(5): 568-578. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20170505.
Citation: Wang Tingbo, Zheng Dong, Zhou Kanghui, et al. Contrastive analysis of lightning characteristics between rainstorm case and hailstorm case. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(5): 568-578. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20170505.
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Contrastive Analysis of Lightning Characteristics Between Rainstorm Case and Hailstorm Case

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170505
  • 1.

    China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081

  • 2.

    State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • 3.

    National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2017-01-03
  • Rev Recd Date: 2017-07-18
  • Publish Date: 2017-09-30
    Abstract
  • Two kinds of classic convective systems in and around Beijing are picked to investigate the lightning activities (observed by SAFIR3000) and the relationship between lightning and precipitation (retrieved from radar) during different thunderstorms. Lightning activity characteristics of a rainstorm and a hailstorm are analyzed and compared. Due to different microphysics and dynamic processes, there are significant differences in the discharge process within clouds, resulting in significant differences in corresponding lightning activities. The hailstorm has larger ratio of CG (cloud-to-ground) lightning, and the ratio of positive CG lightning is 0.311, comparing to 0.191 of the rainstorm.During the rainstorm, the intensity of convective precipitation is decreasing sharply when the lightning frequency reaches the highest value. The lightning frequency in this region can provide about 5-15 min warning time for the maximum rainfall intensity. In the early stage of hailstorm, rainstorm with short duration occurs, and the frequency of lightning reaches the peak when the hailstorm occurs, and then it declines as the hailstorm maintains. The hailstorm has larger ratio of CG lightning than the rainstorm. The main discharge area in hailstorm is higher than that in rainstorm, the temperature layer corresponded to the main charge region in hailstorm is lower than that in rainstorm. The total lightning frequency between convective precipitation's linear correlation coefficient is better in rainstorm than that in hailstorm.The linear correlation between lightning and precipitation in hailstorm is more complicated, because hailstorm has more complex dynamic and ice phase microphysics. These quantificational results can provide reference for applications of lightning data in severe weather warning and precipitation estimation.However, it's not certain whether all hailstorms have the similar lightning and precipitation relationships (the highest precipitation in the early stage of the hailstorms, and the total flash to reach the maximum in the hail stage). These results can be improved through further analysis when there are more observation cases.
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  • Fig. 1  The distribution of SAFIR and radar stations

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    Fig. 2  Frequencies of total flash and cloud-to-ground flash

    (a)rainstorm case, (b)hailstorm case

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    Fig. 3  The ratio of positive cloud-to-ground flash to total cloud-to-ground flash

    (a)rainstorm case, (b)hailstorm case

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    Fig. 4  Frequencies of positive cloud-to-ground flash and total cloud-to-ground flash evolving by time

    (a)rainstorm case, (b)hailstorm case

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    Fig. 5  Total flash frequency and mean value of convective precipitation intensity

    (a)rainstorm case, (b)hailstorm case

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    Fig. 6  Total flash frequency and maximum value of convective precipitation intensity

    (a)rainstorm case, (b)hailstorm case

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    Fig. 7  Total flash frequency and convective precipitation evolving by time

    (a)rainstorm case, (b)hailstorm case

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    Table  1  The calculation of the influence radius

    影响半径/km 平均背景回波强度
    1 Zbg < 25 dBZ
    2 25 dBZ≤Zbg < 30 dBZ
    3 30 dBZ≤Zbg < 35 dBZ
    4 35 dBZ≤Zbg < 40 dBZ
    5 Zbg≥40 dBZ
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    Table  2  The numerical distribution of total flash frequency

    项目 总闪频次
    暴雨个例 雹暴个例
    体扫数 55 40
    最小值 34 2
    最大值 847 7209
    算术平均值 346 1270
    中值 317 837
    数据累积5%处的值 66 56
    数据累积95%处的值 770 3372
    数据累积25%处的值 235 295
    数据累积75%处的值 438 1777
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    Table  3  The numerical distribution of cloud-to-ground flash frequency during rainstorm on 24 Jul 2006

    暴雨个例 地闪频次 正地闪频次 正地闪比例 地闪占总闪的比例
    最小值 1 0 0 0.014
    最大值 49 13 0.75 0.105
    算术平均值 17 3 0.191 0.052
    中值 14 3 0.163 0.049
    数据累积5%处的值 3 0 0 0.020
    数据累积95%处的值 39 8 0.5 0.098
    数据累积25%处的值 7 1 0.094 0.034
    数据累积75%处的值 25 4 0.265 0.068
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    Table  4  The numerical distribution of cloud-to-ground flash frequency during hailstorm on 7 Jul 2007

    雹暴个例 地闪频次 正地闪频次 正地闪比例 地闪占总闪的比例
    最小值 2 1 0.145 0.004
    最大值 253 57 0.600 0.737
    算术平均值 67 19 0.311 0.117
    中值 55 21 0.286 0.079
    数据累积5%处的值 5 2 0.176 0.006
    数据累积95%处的值 138 36 0.523 0.394
    数据累积25%处的值 29 10 0.232 0.028
    数据累积75%处的值 92 25 0.357 0.124
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2017-01-03
    • Accepted : 2017-07-18
    • Published : 2017-09-30
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