Vol.29, NO.1, 2018
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2018  >  29(1): 70-83
Huang Xianxiang, Yu Xiaoding, Yan Lijun, et al. Contrastive analysis of two intense typhoon-tornado cases with synoptic and Doppler weather radar data in Guangdong. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(1): 70-83. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20180107.
Citation: Huang Xianxiang, Yu Xiaoding, Yan Lijun, et al. Contrastive analysis of two intense typhoon-tornado cases with synoptic and Doppler weather radar data in Guangdong. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(1): 70-83. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20180107.
shu

Contrastive Analysis of Two Intense Typhoon-tornado Cases with Synoptic and Doppler Weather Radar Data in Guangdong

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180107
  • 1.

    Foshan Tornado Research Center of Guangdong Province, Foshan 528000

  • 2.

    Foshan Meteorological Service of Guangdong Province, Foshan 528000

  • 3.

    China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2017-04-27
  • Rev Recd Date: 2017-10-13
  • Publish Date: 2018-01-31
    Abstract
  • Conventional observations, Doppler weather radar and NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data are used to analyze two strong tornado events originated in the outside-region of typhoons on 4 October 2015(EF3) and 4 August 2006(EF2) contrastively. Results show that two strong typhoon-tornado events both occur in the northeast quadrant of landfalling typhoons, with some similar environmental conditions including low-level convergence, upper-level divergence and superimposition of strong southeast jet at mid and low level over the Pearl River Delta. The difference of circumstances is that two typhoons are in different weakening phase. The former typhoon has just landed and is more organized and stronger than the latter. Environmental parameters are shown to be relatively moderate convective available potential energy, low convection inhibition, low condensation uplift height, strong deep (0-6 km) and low level (0-1 km) vertical wind shear and large storm relative helicity (SRH). Storm relative helicity is a good indicator for the occurrence of supercell or mesocyclone. The larger the SRH is, the more likely a supercell or mesocyclone may form. Combining the northeastern quadrant of typhoon with the high SRH area, the area where typhoon tornadoes may occur could be determined to a certain extent. The two tornado storms are mini-supercells, and the radar base reflectivity factors of two tornadoes are similar to features of classical supercell such as the low-level warm-humid inflow gaps and hook echoes. The former (tornado parent storm on 4 October 2015) has stronger echo and more apparent hook echo features. Strong mesocyclones and tornado vortex signature (TVS) can be observed on radar speed chart in both tornado events, and mesocyclones form at mid-low level firstly, then develop to the lower level, resulting in tornadoes finally. TVS is observed either synchronously with the tornado touchdown or a volume scanning ahead. Vertical vorticity of TVS in the center of low-level mesocyclones is strong, and the bottom and top heights are very low in the mesocyclone and TVS. The difference of bottom/top height of the mesocyclone and TVS between two cases is that, the former presents an abruptly-drop phenomenon whereas the latter (tornado parent storm on 4 August 2006) maintains at low level before and after the tornado touchdown. Before and after tornadoes touchdown, the strongest wind shear of storms both increase sharply, but the wind shear in TVS is larger, which is about twice of the latter.
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  • Fig. 1  Two typhoon-spawned tornadoes at Foshan

    (a)tornado spawned by Typhoon Rainbow at 1538 BT 4 Oct 2015, (b)tornado spawned by Typhoon Papi at 1050BT 4 Aug 2006

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    Fig. 2  Mesocyclone tracks of tornadoes on 4 Oct 2015(a) and 4 Aug 2006(b)

    (mesocyclones with or without tornado are marked by red circles and yellow circles, respectively)

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    Fig. 3  The synoptic map of two intense typhoon-tornado cases

    (the tornado is marked by red triangle; the isoline denotes the height, unit:dagpm; the shaded denotes wind speed) (a)500 hPa synoptic map at 0800 BT 4 Oct 2015, (b)500 hPa synoptic map at 0800 BT 4 Aug 2006, (c)comprehensive weather chart at 0800 BT 4 Oct 2015, (d)comprehensive weather chart at 0800 BT 4 Aug 2006

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    Fig. 4  Vertical wind shear(the shaded) between 925 hPa and 1000 hPa using NCEP reanalysis data at 0800 BT 4 Oct 2015(a), 1400 BT 4 Oct 2015(b), 0800 BT 4 Aug 2006(c), 1400 BT 4 Aug 2006(d)

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    Fig. 5  The reflectivity and radial velocity of 0.5° elevation by Guangzhou radar at 1530-1542 BT 4 Oct 2015

    (the tornado is marked by black triangle, the mesocyclone and TVS are marked by white circles and black circles, respectively)

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    Fig. 6  The reflectivity and radial velocity of 0.5° elevation by Guangzhou radar at 1047—1059 BT on 4 Aug 2006

    (the tornado is marked by black triangle, the mesocyclone and TVS are marked in white circles and black circles, respectively)

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    Table  1  Parameters of Hongkong Sounding Station

    环境参数 2015-10-04T08:00 2006-08-04T08:00
    对流有效位能/(J·kg-1) 600 1750
    对流抑制/(J·kg-1) 20 10
    抬升凝结高度/m 400 120
    0~1 km风矢量差/(m·s-1) 17 15
    0~6 km风矢量差/(m·s-1) 24 22
    0~1 km风切变/s-1 0.017 0.015
    0~6 km风切变/s-1 0.004 0.0038
    风暴相对螺旋度/(m2·s-2) 430 110
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  2  The storm relative helicity under the similar typhoon path with or without tornado at Foshan

    台风个例 时间 佛山有无龙卷 清远风暴相对螺旋度/(m2·s-2) 香港风暴相对螺旋度/(m2·s-2)
    彩虹(1522) 2015-10-04T08:00 有 420 430
    派比安(0606) 2006-08-04T08:00 有 305 110
    威马逊(1409) 2014-07-19T08:00 无 70 30
    灿都(1003) 2010-07-22T20:00 无 115 100
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    Table  3  Characteristics of the mesocyclone from 1512 BT to 1542 BT on 4 Oct 2015

    时间 方位/(°) 距离/km 特征底高/km 特征顶高/km 最强切变/s-1
    15:12 195 35 1.60 3.60 0.010
    15:18 203 30 1.40 3.10 0.016
    15:24 213 27 1.20 2.80 0.018
    15:30 225 25 0.70 2.70 0.049
    15:36 243 25 0.70 1.50 0.039
    15:42 256 26 0.70 1.60 0.035
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    Table  4  Tornado vortex signatures from 1512 BT to 1548 BT on 4 Octo 2015

    时间 方位/(°) 距离/km 特征底高/km 特征顶高/km 最强切变/s-1
    15:12 184 25 0.70 6.95 0.079
    15:18
    15:24 212 25 0.27 2.87 0.103
    15:30 224 25 0.27 2.56 0.122
    15:36 237 24 0.24 1.87 0.128
    15:42 254 24 0.27 2.01 0.115
    15:48 278 26 0.27 4.03 0.126
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  5  Characteristics of the mesocyclone from 1041 BT to 1047 BT on 4 Aug 2006

    时间 方位/(°) 距离/km 特征底高/km 特征顶高/km 最强切变/s-1
    10:41 266 46 0.60 2.10 0.021
    10:47 272 46 0.60 2.10 0.016
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    Table  6  Tornado vortex signatures from 1041 BT to 1105 BT on 4 Aug 2006

    时间 方位/(°) 距离/km 特征底高/km 特征顶高/km 最强切变/s-1
    10:41 258 46 0.50 3.50 0.051
    10:47 265 46 0.50 2.80 0.044
    10:53 272 46 0.50 2.10 0.038
    10:59 278 46 0.50 2.90 0.063
    11:05 284 47 0.60 2.20 0.060
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2017-04-27
    • Accepted : 2017-10-13
    • Published : 2018-01-31
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