Vol.29, NO.3, 2018
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2018  >  29(3): 307-320
Duan Jingxin, Zhao Tianliang, Xu Xiangde, et al. Simulation of basin topography impacts on rainstorm in Sichuan. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(3): 307-320. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20180305.
Citation: Duan Jingxin, Zhao Tianliang, Xu Xiangde, et al. Simulation of basin topography impacts on rainstorm in Sichuan. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(3): 307-320. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20180305.
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Simulation of Basin Topography Impacts on Rainstorm in Sichuan

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180305
  • 1.

    Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044

  • 2.

    Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • 3.

    Institute of Plateau Meteorology, CMA, Chengdu 610072

  • 4.

    Xinjin Meteorological Bureau of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611430

  • Received Date: 2017-10-25
  • Rev Recd Date: 2018-02-02
  • Publish Date: 2018-05-31
    Abstract
  • Topography, especially the height and shape conditions have significant effects on precipitation. Previous studies focus on effects of mountain topography upon precipitation, while influencing mechanisms of the basin topography are not widely discussed. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) with Chemistry model is used to simulate a heavy rain event which occurs on 20 July 2012, over Sichuan Basin. A sensitive test is designed in which the topography of Sichuan Basin is uplifted, with other conditions the same as the control test. The topography in the sensitivity test shows a trend of slow decline from west to east, eliminating the role of basin topography, but keeping the influence of the Tibetan Plateau around the Basin.From the atmospheric dynamics, thermal and cloud micro-physics standpoints, diagnostic analysis is used to analyze results of these two tests, and differences between two experiments are discussed. Results show that the time of heavy rainstorm in the control test is later than that in the sensitivity test, and the rainfall intensity in control test is strongly enhanced. From the point of atmospheric dynamics, when southwesterly airflow through the basin from south, a stronger positive vorticity center forms in the south of the Basin in the lower layer of troposphere in the control test, and southern wind is weakened. Therefore, the water vapor and energy reach the northern part of the Basin later, leading to the precipitation delaying. At the same time, with the southward wind transport, the positive relative vorticity of the lower layer in the northern part of the Basin is continuously strengthened. Favorable dynamic structure strengthens the vertical motion and thus increases the precipitation intensity. From the thermodynamic view, there is more heat and water vapor in control test due to its lower height. Besides, these variables accumulate subjected to topographic dynamics, and are less likely to diffuse, providing sufficient water vapor for the rainstorm. In addition, the high temperature and high humidity condition makes the low level of the control test accumulates moist static energy. When airflow carrying moist static energy reaches the northwest of the Basin, strong upward is stimulated under the influence of topography and the positive relative vorticity in the lower troposphere. From the opinion of micro-physics, the stronger vertical motion provides advantage for the vertical development of the cloud system, and more water vapor provides greater supersaturation for precipitation particles in the control test. Under these conditions, precipitation particles, especially rain water, snow crystals and graupel, are generated and transformed in large quantities, enhancing the precipitation intensity to heavy rainstorm.
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  • Fig. 1  Accumulated precipitation(the shaded) and topography(the contour, unit:m) from 2000 BT 20 July to 1100 BT 21 July in 2012

    (a)observation, (b)control test, (c)sensitivity test, (d)the difference between control test and sensitivity test (the topography in Fig. 1a from control test)

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    Fig. 2  Rain rate of rainstorm center from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2012

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    Fig. 3  10 m wind speed, 2 m relative humidity and 2 m temperature for observation and control test from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2012

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    Fig. 4  Wind(the vector) and relative vorticity(the shaded) at 800 hPa from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2012 (difference is between control test and sensitivity test)

    (a)control test at 2100 BT 20 Jul, (b)control test at 0100 BT 21 Jul, (c)control test at 0500 BT 21 Jul, (d)difference at 2100 BT 20 Jul, (e)difference at 0100 BT 21 Jul, (f)difference at 0500 BT 21 Jul

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    Fig. 5  Cross-section of relative vorticity(the shaded) and wind(the vector) difference between control test and sensitivity test along 104.6°E from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2012

    (a)2100 BT 20 Jul, (b)0100 BT 21 Jul, (c)0500 BT 21 Jul

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    Fig. 6  Cross-section of wind(the vector) temperature(the contour, unit:℃) and specific humidity(the shaded) along 104.6°E from 20 Jul to 21 Jul 2012

    (a)2100 BT 20 Jul in control test, (b)0100 BT 21 Jul in control test, (c)0500 BT 20 Jul in control test, (d)2100 BT 20 Jul in sensitivity test, (e)0100 BT 21 Jul in sensitivity test, (f)0500 BT 21 Jul in sensitivity test

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    Fig. 7  Cross-section of moist static energy(the contour, unit:J·kg-1) from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2012(the shaded denotes the terrain)

    (a)2100 BT 20 Jul in control test, (b)0100 BT 21 Jul in control test, (c)0500 BT 21 Jul in control test, (d)2100 BT 20 Jul in sensitivity test, (e)0100 BT 21 Jul in sensitivity test, (f)0500 BT 21 Jul in sensitivity test

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    Fig. 8  Time series of convective available potential energy and convective inhibition energy difference between the control test and the sensitivity test from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2012

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    Fig. 9  Cross-section of temperature(the contour, unit:℃), wind(the vector) and mass concentration(the shade) of precipitation particle along 104.6°E from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2012

    (a)cloud water in control test at 0500 BT 21 Jul, (b)rain water in control test at 0500 BT 21 Jul, (c)cloud water in sensitivity test at 0100 BT 21 Jul, (d)rain water in sensitivity test at 0100 BT 21 Jul

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    Fig. 10  Cross-section of temperature(the contour, unit:℃), wind(the vector) and mass concentration(the shade) of precipitation particle from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2012

    (a)ice crystals in control test at 0500 BT 21 Jul, (b)snow crystals in control test at 0500 BT 21 Jul, (c)graupel in control test at 0500 BT 21 Jul, (d)ice crystals in sensitivity test at 0100 BT 21 Jul, (e)snow crystals in sensitivity test at 0100 BT 21 Jul, (f)graupel in sensitivity test at 0100 BT 21 Jul

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    • Received : 2017-10-25
    • Accepted : 2018-02-02
    • Published : 2018-05-31
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