Simulation of the Urbanization Impact on Precipitation of Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Nida(2016)

Yang Ting; Duan Yihong; Xu Jing; Feng Jianing

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20180403

Vol.29, NO.4, 2018

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Yang Ting, Duan Yihong, Xu Jing, et al. Simulation of the urbanization impact on precipitation of landfalling tropical cyclone Nida(2016). J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(4): 410-422. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180403.

Citation:

Yang Ting, Duan Yihong, Xu Jing, et al. Simulation of the urbanization impact on precipitation of landfalling tropical cyclone Nida(2016). J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(4): 410-422. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180403.

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Simulation of the Urbanization Impact on Precipitation of Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Nida(2016)

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180403

State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received Date: 2018-03-05
Rev Recd Date: 2018-05-25
Publish Date: 2018-07-31

Abstract

Abstract

For more than half a century, changes in atmosphere induced by the land use change associated with urbanization have drawn increasing attention. However, it is still unclear how urbanization affects landfalling tropical cyclone (TC) precipitation, which may complicate precipitation processes during TC landfalls. TC precipitation is always hard to predict accurately, which still deserves further research.Several numerical experiments of tropical cyclone Nida(2016) making landfall in Guangdong Province are conducted using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecast system (WRF) to evaluate the urbanization effects on TC precipitation during its landfall. Specifically, WRF is coupled with the urban canopy model (UCM), and different land use data (new and old) are used for sensitive experiments. The tropical cyclone Nida(2016) landed around Shenzhen, Guangdong Province on 1 August 2016. The model performance on the track, intensity and precipitation of tropical cyclone Nida is evaluated.Both simulated spatial distribution of 6-hour (from 2200 UTC 1 Aug to 0400 UTC 2 Aug) accumulated precipitation are quite consistent with observations, indicating that the coupled UCM model simulation results are credible. Tracks and accumulated precipitation of the typhoon during landfall can be reproduced reasonably well. No significant difference of simulated TC tracks is found between experiments with and without the updated underlying surface and the coupling of the UCM, indicating that the land use change cannot strikingly affect the track. Although simulations fail to accurately capture the post landfalling intensity changes, storms simulated in experiments including the UCM and latest land use data show more rapid weakening rates after landfall, which are closer to observations. Spatial distributions of simulated 6-hour accumulated precipitation are quite consistent with observations. Furthermore, urban canopy tends to reduce TC precipitation in the urban region while the underlying surface change due to urbanization tends to increase TC precipitation. Urban canopy diminishes vapor transports and corresponding convection, resulting in a decrease in accumulated precipitation. By contrast, land use change due to urbanization decelerates the near-surface wind velocity and decreases surface latent heat fluxes, but strengthens updrafts in the urban region and increases convective available potential energy. As a result, the land use change still leads to enhancement of TC precipitation.These results show that land use change due to urbanization (use of urban canopy) tends to limit TC precipitation after landfall. The rainfall enhancement by land use change due to urbanization is partly offset by the suppression due to use of urban canopy. This will significantly affect the precipitation process of landfalling TCs, and should be taken into account in numerical simulations.
- urban canopy model;
- tropical cyclone;
- precipitation

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References(49)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Domain configuration of simulations

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Fig. 2 The land use for new land use data(WESTDC in 2013)(a) and old land use data(USGS in 1992)(b) (the urban region of Pearl River Delta is shown in red frame)

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Fig. 3 Storm tracks from simulations and the best track(a) and maximum wind speed(b) of tropical cyclone Nida(2016) from 0000 UTC 1 Aug to 1800 UTC 2 Aug in 2016

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Fig. 4 Track errors(a) and intensity errors(b) in simulations of tropical cyclone Nida(2016) from 0000 UTC 1 Aug to 1800 UTC 2 Aug in 2016

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Fig. 5 6 h accumulated precipitation from 1800 UTC 1 Aug to 0000 UTC 2 Aug in 2016 from CMORPH observations(unit:mm)(a), 6 h accumulated precipitation from 2200 UTC 1 Aug to 0400 UTC 2 Aug in 2016 from test UB simulated experiment superposed on 10 m wind vector at the end moment of precipitation period(b)

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Fig. 6 6 h accumulated precipitation and difference from 2200 UTC 1 Aug to 0400 UTC 2 Aug in 2016 (the urban region of Pearl River Delta is shown in red frame) (a)test UB, (b)test NUC, (c)test NUB, (d)difference between test UB and test NUC, (e)difference between test NUC and test NUB, (f)difference between test UB and test NUB

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Fig. 7 Difference distribution for test UB and test NUC(a), test NUC and test NUB(b), test UB and test NUB(c) of 10 m wind speed for the precipitation period from 2200 UTC 1 Aug to 0400 UTC 2 Aug in 2016

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Fig. 8 Time series of averaged divergence difference from 3 tests

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Fig. 9 Time series of surface meteorological variables for 3 tests (a)surface temperture, (b)temperature at 2 m, (c)sensible heat, (d)latent heat, (e)specific humidity at 2 m

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Fig. 10 Cross-section of difference of relative humidity (the contour, unit:%) superposed with vertical velocity (the shaded) from 2200 UTC 1 Aug to 0400 UTC 2 in 2016 (a)test UB and test NUC, (b)test NUC and test NUB, (c)test UB and test NUB

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Fig. 11 Time series of convective available potential energy from 3 tests

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Table 1 Description of model configuration

物理过程	参数化方案名称
积云对流参数化方案	Grell-3^[31](仅用于d01和d02区域)
云微物理方案	Morrison 2-mom^[32]
边界层方案	YSU^[33]
短波辐射方案	RRTMG^[34]
长波辐射方案	RRTMG^[34]
陆面过程方案	Noah^[35]

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