Characteristics of Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide at an Urban Site in Beijing During Winter and Spring

Gong Yishu; Xu Xiaobin; Xu Wanyun; Zhang Gen

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20180408

Vol.29, NO.4, 2018

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Gong Yishu, Xu Xiaobin, Xu Wanyun, et al. Characteristics of atmospheric hydrogen peroxide at an urban site in Beijing during winter and spring. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(4): 474-486. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180408.

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Gong Yishu, Xu Xiaobin, Xu Wanyun, et al. Characteristics of atmospheric hydrogen peroxide at an urban site in Beijing during winter and spring. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(4): 474-486. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180408.

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Characteristics of Atmospheric Hydrogen Peroxide at an Urban Site in Beijing During Winter and Spring

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180408

State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather & CMA Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received Date: 2018-03-17
Rev Recd Date: 2018-05-25
Publish Date: 2018-07-31

Abstract

Abstract

As a photochemical produced oxidant, gaseous hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) plays an important role in aerosols and acid rain production. However, not many measurements of gaseous H₂O₂ have been made in China in the past few years and further studies especially the level and trend of H₂O₂ in smog are needed. To make up for the lack of H₂O₂ data and provide support for air quality improvement in China, an observation experiment on gaseous H₂O₂ is carried out from 27 Dec 2016 to 28 Apr 2017 at an urban site in the northwest of mega-city Beijing, using a two-channel H₂O₂ monitor AL2021. The concentration level, variation and influence factors under different conditions are analyzed with several simultaneously observed pollutants (O₃, PAN, NO_X, PM_2.5, etc.) and meteorological parameters. The mean mixing ratio of H₂O₂ for the entire period is (0.65±0.59)×10^-9, with a higher mean of (0.83±0.67)×10^-9 in spring and a lower mean of (0.51±0.47)×10^-9 in winter. Day peaks with the value higher than 2×10^-9 is also detected in winter indicating that high concentration of H₂O₂ can also happen under certain conditions. The concentration of H₂O₂ shows pronounced diurnal cycles with peaks in the period of 1800-2100 BT, occurring later than those reported for other sites in China or foreign countries and shows a delay of about 4 to 7 hours compared with the peaking time of O₃. H₂O₂ level is found to be negatively correlated with relative humidity (RH), especially when only considering the maximum H₂O₂ level under RH over 55%. This is consistent with the uptake of gaseous H₂O₂ by water-containing aerosol particles under higher RH conditions. The H₂O₂ peaking time and peak level are closely related with RH as well as other factors, such as NO_X. Under conditions of daily RH lower than 55%, H₂O₂ level can reach a mean peak value of 1.52×10^-9 with peaking times during 1800-2400 BT, while it peaks lower (1×10^-9) and earlier (before 1700 BT) with the daily mean RH higher than 65%. H₂O₂, O₃ and PAN show different diurnal patterns and levels under different pollution conditions. H₂O₂ shows smaller average level differences for clean and hazy days, with a higher peak but a lower level during 1100-1500 BT under the clean condition. O₃ shows a higher mixing ratio under clean condition than under hazy condition, while PAN reveals an opposite trend. Results also indicate that dynamical transport could be an important influencing factor of variations and levels of H₂O₂ and O₃. The impact of photochemistry on haze formation in colder months in the urban environment of Beijing and its feedback warrant further studies, particularly the role of H₂O₂ in the formation of sulfate aerosol.
- atmospheric hydrogen peroxide;
- urban Beijing;
- winter and spring;
- variation characteristics;
- influencing factors

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References(31)

Figures and Tables

图 1 2016年12月—2017年4月观测到的H₂O₂，O₃，NO，NO₂，PM_2.5，PAN，SO₂及CO

(其中PM_2.5在海淀公园观测，其他污染物均在CMA站观测)

Fig. 1 Hourly averaged H₂O₂, O₃, NO, NO₂, PM_2.5, PAN, SO₂ and CO concentrations from Dec 2016 to Apr 2017

(with PM_2.5 observed at Haidian Park and the other pollutants at CMA, Beijing)

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Fig. 2 Hourly averaged air temperature, relative humidity, global radiation, wind velocity and direction from Dec 2016 to Apr 2017 at CMA, Beijing

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Fig. 3 Diurnal variations of H₂O₂, O₃, PAN, PM_2.5, NO and NO₂ at CMA, Beijing from Jan 2017 to Apr 2017

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图 4 峰值时段(11：00—24：00)与非峰值时段(01：00—10：00)在清洁和霾污染条件下，H₂O₂和相对湿度的小时平均值分布和线性拟合结果以及相对湿度在55%—100%区间内H₂O₂最大值与相对湿度的线性拟合结果

(填色代表对应PM_2.5小时平均浓度)

Fig. 4 Relationships between H₂O₂ and relative humidity for peak period(1100-2400 BT) and non-peak period (0100-1000 BT) under hazy and clean conditions including overall correlations between H₂O₂ and relative humidity for different conditions and correlations between the maximum H₂O₂ and relative humidity within 55%-100%

(the shaded denotes the corresponding PM_2.5 concentration)

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 2017年1—4月H₂O₂峰值时刻与相对湿度日平均值关系

(填色表示H₂O₂峰值浓度，圆圈为降水日)

Fig. 5 Daily H₂O₂ peaking times under different relative humidity at CMA, Beijing from Jan 2017 to Apr 2017

(the shaded represents the peak level of H₂O₂, circled points are data from rainy days)

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 6 Diurnal variations of different elements for H₂O₂ earlier peak(1100-1500 BT) and later peak(1900-2400 BT) at CMA, Beijing from Jan 2017 to Apr 2017

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Fig. 7 Averaged diurnal variations of pollutants for clean and hazy conditions from Jan 2017 to Apr 2017

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Fig. 8 Averaged diurnal variations of wind velocity and direction for clean and hazy conditions from Jan 2017 to Apr 2017

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Table 1 Statistics of H₂O₂ concentrations for different observation periods at CMA, Beijing

时段	H₂O₂浓度/10^-9				样本量
时段	平均值	最大值	中值	标准偏差	样本量
全时间序列	0.65	3.56	0.52	0.59	1489
高浓度时段(13：00—24：00)	0.89	3.56	0.77	0.67	715
低浓度时段(01：00—12：00)	0.44	1.92	0.33	0.39	774
冬季(2016年12月27日—2017年2月28日)	0.51	2.78	0.40	0.47	831
春季(2017年3月1日—4月28日)	0.83	3.56	0.70	0.67	658

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