Effects of Low Temperature During Ear Differentiation Stage on Yield Components of Spring Maize

Guo Chunming; Ren Jingquan; Cao Tiehua; Xu Chen; Li Jianping; Qu Simiao

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20180411

Vol.29, NO.4, 2018

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Guo Chunming, Ren Jingquan, Cao Tiehua, et al. Effects of low temperature during ear differentiation stage on yield components of spring maize. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(4): 505-512. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180411.

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Guo Chunming, Ren Jingquan, Cao Tiehua, et al. Effects of low temperature during ear differentiation stage on yield components of spring maize. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(4): 505-512. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180411.

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Effects of Low Temperature During Ear Differentiation Stage on Yield Components of Spring Maize

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180411

1.
Institute of Meteorological Science of Jilin Province, Changchun 130062
2.
Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033
3.
College of Agronomy, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118

Received Date: 2018-02-09
Rev Recd Date: 2018-05-21
Publish Date: 2018-07-31

Abstract

Abstract

Low temperature and cold damage are the main agrometeorological disasters which affects the spring maize in Northeast China. The response of spring maize to low temperature and cold damage is investigated, and the influence level of the obstacle type of low temperature on spring maize breeding is confirmed. Selecting Zhengdan958 species of spring maize, artificial climate laboratory is used to simulate low temperature environment as 13℃(T1), 15℃(T2) and 17℃(T3), and effects of low temperature on yield components and photosynthetic rate in the ear differentiation stage(early stage, middle stage, late stage) of spring maize are studied. Results show that yield components and photosynthetic characteristics change with similar trends after being affected by different low temperatures during the ear differentiation stage. Compared with control check, there is no significant change in ear diameter and 100-grain weight under low temperature treatment, while the ear length and the kernel numbers per panicle decreased significantly, and the weight of the panicle also has a significantly reduction. Lower temperature and longer duration lead to heavier effects. Effects of low temperature during the early stage on the kernel numbers per panicle are the heaviest, lower during middle stage and the much weaker during late stage. During the early ear differentiation stage, compared with control check, the kernel numbers per panicle are reduced significantly by 28.5%, 28.4%, 16.5%, and the weight of the panicle decrease significantly by 31.5%, 29.4%, 21.1% under T1, T2 and T3 in three days. The kernel numbers per panicle are reduced significantly by 36%, 36.6%, 28.8%, and the weight of the panicle decrease significantly by 38%, 35.8%, 23.9% in five days. The net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO₂ concentration and transpiration rate of leaves decrease significantly under low temperature. During the early ear differentiation stage, compared with control check, the net photosynthetic rate decrease by 36.2%, 26.5%, 24.4% under the treatment of T1, T2 and T3 in three days, and the net photosynthetic rate decrease by 63.8%, 53.3% and 47.1% in five days. The decrease of kernel numbers per panicle in spring maize caused by low temperature during the ear differentiation stage is the main cause of the yield reduction. One of the factors leading to the decrease of net photosynthetic rate is the restrictive effect of stoma of spring maize. Results above can be used as a reference for evaluating the impact of low temperature and cold damage on spring maize.
- spring maize;
- low temperature;
- ear differentiation;
- yield components;
- photosynthetic characteristics

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References(27)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Hourly variation of temperature between treatment of low temperature(early, middle and late stages) and control check during the experiment

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Fig. 2 Effect of low temperature during ear differentiation stage on kernel number per panicle of spring maize

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Fig. 3 Effect of low temperature during ear differentiation stage on kernel weight per panicle of spring maize

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Table 1 Daily variation of illumination intensity of artificial chamber

时段	光照强度/lux
06:00—07:59	10000
08:00—08:59	14000
09:00—09:59	20000
10:00—10:59	26000
11:00—11:59	32000
12:00—12:59	36000
13:00—14:59	40000
15:00—15:59	32000
16:00—16:59	26000
17:00—17:59	18000
18:00—18:59	10000
19:00—次日05:59	0

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Table 2 Effect of low temperature during early stage of ear differentiation on yield components of spring maize

日数/d	处理	穗长/cm	穗粗/mm	穗粒数/粒	百粒重/g	穗粒重/g
3	对照	16.4±0.5	52.7±0.6	549.3±18.5	36.4±2.1	200.0±10.7
	处理1	13.3±0.3	51.2±3.6	392.7±21.9	34.8±2.3	137.1±14.3
	处理2	13.8±0.9	52.7±1.1	393.3±8.3	35.9±0.8	141.2±4.6
	处理3	16.7±0.3	52.2±1.8	458.7±24.4	34.5±0.8	157.9±5.3
5	对照	16.4±0.5	52.7±0.6	549.3±18.5	36.4±2.1	200.0±10.7
	处理1	11.3±1.2	51.7±1.4	351.3±1.2	35.3±3.0	124.0±10.2
	处理2	11.6±1.0	51.7±1.7	348.0±12.0	36.9±2.3	128.5±8.8
	处理3	13.7±0.6	52.7±2.3	391.0±41.0	35.7±2.1	152.3±20.0

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Table 3 Effect of low temperature during middle stage of ear differentiation on yield components of spring maize

日数/d	处理	穗长/cm	穗粗/mm	穗粒数/粒	百粒重/g	穗粒重/g
3	对照	16.4±0.5	52.7±0.6	549.3±18.5	36.4±2.1	200.0±10.7
	处理1	12.4±1.8	49.9±1.0	452.7±6.4	32.8±6.0	126.9±10.8
	处理2	14.0±1.7	50.5±2.1	458.7±70.5	32.6±3.4	149.1±25.2
	处理3	15.4±2.2	50.3±1.8	502.0±42.0	33.3±5.8	142.9±36.5
5	对照	16.4±0.5	52.7±0.6	549.3±18.5	36.4±2.1	200.0±10.7
	处理1	12.8±2.5	49.8±0.5	373.3±64.7	33.3±1.1	124.3±21.4
	处理2	12.7±1.9	48.9±3.6	391.3±63.0	32.0±2.1	125.0±18.7
	处理3	15.3±0.6	51.7±0.7	500.0±38.2	32.7±1.8	163.0±3.2

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Table 4 Effect of low temperature during late stage of ear differentiation on yield components of spring maize

日数/d	处理	穗长/cm	穗粗/mm	穗粒数/粒	百粒重/g	穗粒重/g
3	对照	16.4±0.5	52.7±0.6	549.3±18.5	36.4±2.1	200.0±10.7
	处理1	14.9±1.0	49.2±1.0	388.7±65.2	34.9±5.1	133.6±6.1
	处理2	15.5±1.0	50.8±0.8	504.7±49.6	32.8±1.9	150.2±33.5
	处理3	15.0±0.5	50.5±1.5	528.0±57.7	32.3±4.8	170.0±26.0
5	对照	16.4±0.5	52.7±0.6	549.3±18.5	36.4±2.1	200.0±10.7
	处理1	14.5±0.5	49.1±1.8	394.0±33.3	33.4±3.6	130.7±5.7
	处理2	15.2±2.8	50.5±3.7	448.7±48.0	33.4±6.0	147.9±11.4
	处理3	15.5±1.8	51.4±1.3	477.7±4.0	31.5±2.3	150.3±9.9

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Table 5 Effect of low temperature during ear differentiation stage on photosynthetic characteristics of spring maize

时期	日数/d	处理	P_n/(μmol·m^-2 s^-1)	G_s/(mol·m^-2 s^-1)	C_i/(μmol·mol^-1)	T_r(mmol·m^-2 s^-1)
前期	3	对照	26.71±0.10	0.22±0.0006	127.57±4.23	2.22±0.04
		处理1	17.03±1.64	0.11±0.01	80.38±17.03	1.66±0.23
		处理2	19.63±1.33	0.12±0.02	83.42±6.86	1.47±0.32
		处理3	20.18±1.56	0.12±0.003	122.54±1.50	1.43±0.02
	5	对照	33.16±0.12	0.22±0.0001	128.80±2.33	3.55±0.002
		处理1	12.01±0.59	0.06±0.001	78.49±0.27	0.95±0.009
		处理2	15.48±5.24	0.09±0.03	95.40±23.43	1.47±0.51
		处理3	17.54±0.01	0.09±0.0003	96.29±1.11	1.45±0.004
中期	3	对照	34.13±1.99	0.42±0.17	140.28±55.13	6.45±1.57
		处理1	11.72±2.31	0.06±0.007	61.27±9.0	0.85±0.98
		处理2	14.16±1.87	0.07±0.008	64.70±10.81	1.16±0.11
		处理3	16.09±2.27	0.08±0.01	139.72±19.23	1.61±0.17
	5	对照	24.85±0.008	0.14±0.0002	148.03±0.38	2.35±0.002
		处理1	9.32±0.73	0.06±0.0004	47.30±0.35	1.40±0.007
		处理2	10.86±0.03	0.06±0.0001	51.72±0.95	1.39±0.003
		处理3	12.56±0.08	0.06±0.0002	146.21±0.77	1.11±0.004
后期	3	对照	26.29±0.05	0.20±0.000	175.24±1.41	3.96±0.004
		处理1	14.79±0.09	0.12±0.0001	84.29±0.09	2.34±0.004
		处理2	16.74±0.02	0.12±0.0001	127.56±1.12	2.33±0.003
		处理3	18.09±0.08	0.13±0.0001	134.08±0.07	2.48±0.002
	5	对照	33.15±0.71	0.23±0.01	89.02±9.34	4.17±0.09
		处理1	15.26±0.24	0.08±0.005	29.71±13.54	1.37±0.07
		处理2	18.48±3.96	0.09±0.03	44.57±17.51	1.63±0.40
		处理3	22.78±3.22	0.13±0.02	54.18±2.89	2.19±0.23

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