The Spring Maize Drought Index in Northeast China Based on Meteorological Drought Index

Song Yanling; Wang Jianlin; Tian Jinfeng; Peng Mingxi

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20190103

Vol.30, NO.1, 2019

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Song Yanling, Wang Jianlin, Tian Jinfeng, et al. The spring maize drought index in Northeast China based on meteorological drought index. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(1): 25-34. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190103.

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Song Yanling, Wang Jianlin, Tian Jinfeng, et al. The spring maize drought index in Northeast China based on meteorological drought index. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(1): 25-34. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190103.

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The Spring Maize Drought Index in Northeast China Based on Meteorological Drought Index

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190103

1.
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Meteorological Bureau, Yinchuan 750002
3.
Kiel University of Germany, Kiel 24118
4.
China Agriculture University, Beijing 100094

Received Date: 2018-10-22
Rev Recd Date: 2018-12-07
Publish Date: 2019-01-31

Abstract

Abstract

Drought is the main disaster which influences spring maize over Northeast China, and spring maize yields are often affected by large regional and sustainable drought seriously. The decreasing effects can be described with meteorological drought index or agriculture drought index. Using the soil relative moisture data and county spring maize yield, as well as meteorological drought index SWAP (standardized weighted average of precipitation), a new spring maize drought index (I_MD) is proposed, which can reflect the decreasing maize yield induced by drought. Using soil moisture data, the spring maize drought limit is firstly researched based on SWAP. Results show in different stages of spring maze growth, SWAP thresholds are different, which are -0.9 for sowing and seeding stage, -1.0 for seeding and elongating stage, -1.2 for elongating and flowering stage, and -0.7 for flowering and maturity of spring maize. In other words, the growth of spring maize can be influenced when SWAP is moderate drought. A new spring maize drought index is researched based SWAP and SWAP limits. And results also show there is a good relationship between spring maize drought index and the provincial crop area affected by drought, especially in drought years. The coefficient between spring maize drought index and the provincial crop area affected by drought is 0.69 in Liaoning, and 0.73 in Jilin, as well as 0.64 in Heilongjiang, which indicates the new spring maize drought index can indicate actual maize drought. Finally, the classification of drought is divided using the county spring maize yields. The drought grades are defined according to the corresponding decrease of spring maize yield, light drought for (3%, 5%] decrease, moderate drought for (5%, 10%] decrease, severe drought for (10%, 20%] decrease, and extreme drought when the spring maize yield decrease is more than 20%. As a result, when light drought, moderate drought, severe drought and extreme drought happens, the spring maize drought index range is (3.2, 4.2], (4.2, 6.7], (6.7, 11.7], and above 11.7. The research could provide effective method for drought prevention and disaster reduction.
- Northeast China;
- meteorological drought index;
- soil relative moisture;
- spring maize drought index

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Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Meteorological stations in Northeast China

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Fig. 2 The relationship between meteorological drought index (SWAP) and soil moisture in Northeast China

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Fig. 3 The change of maize drought index(I_MD) in Northeast China during 1961-2017

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Fig. 4 The contrast of maize drought index (I_MD) and crop area influenced by drought in Northeast China during 1961-2016

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Fig. 5 The relationship between maize drought index (I_MD) and maize yield change in Northeast China

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Table 1 The classification of SWAP

等级	类型	SWAP
1	轻旱	(-1.0，-0.5]
2	中旱	(-1.5，-1.0]
3	重旱	(-2.0，-1.5]
4	特旱	(-∞，-2.0]

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Table 2 Drought index upper limit at different development stages of spring maize in Northeast China

生育期	土壤相对湿度界限值/%	土壤深度/cm	SWAP上限
播种-出苗期	60	10	-0.9
出苗-拔节期	60	20	-1.0
拔节-抽穗期	60	20	-1.2
抽穗-乳熟期	70	20	-0.7

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Table 3 The classification of I_MD

等级	类型	县级春玉米减产率	I_MD
1	轻旱	(3%，5%]	(3.2，4.2]
2	中旱	(5%，10%]	(4.2，6.7]
3	重旱	(10%，20%]	(6.7，11.7]
4	特旱	(20%，100%]	(11.7，+∞)

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