The Wind Turbulence of the Near-surface Layer of Jiangsu Coastal Area and Its Response to Typhoon

Chen Yan; Zhang Ning

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20190205

Vol.30, NO.2, 2019

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Chen Yan, Zhang Ning. The wind turbulence of the near-surface layer of Jiangsu coastal area and its response to typhoon. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(2): 177-190. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190205.

Citation:

Chen Yan, Zhang Ning. The wind turbulence of the near-surface layer of Jiangsu coastal area and its response to typhoon. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(2): 177-190. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190205.

Chen Yan, Zhang Ning. The wind turbulence of the near-surface layer of Jiangsu coastal area and its response to typhoon. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(2): 177-190. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190205.

Citation:

Chen Yan, Zhang Ning. The wind turbulence of the near-surface layer of Jiangsu coastal area and its response to typhoon. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2019, 30(2): 177-190. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190205.

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The Wind Turbulence of the Near-surface Layer of Jiangsu Coastal Area and Its Response to Typhoon

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20190205

Chen Yan¹,
Zhang Ning^{2
,
,}

1.
Jangsu Provincial Climate Center, Nanjing 210008
2.
School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023

Received Date: 2018-10-08
Rev Recd Date: 2018-12-25
Publish Date: 2019-03-31

Abstract

Abstract

In order to study the influence of wind turbulence characteristics on the rational and safe development and utilization of wind energy resources, long-term wind gradient observations are carried out in Jiangsu with five wind towers along the beach. Based on the wind speed and wind direction observations for 42 consecutive months from June 2009 to November 2012, temporal and spatial variation characteristics of the surface layer wind gust factor and turbulence intensity are analyzed. Variation characteristics of gust factor and turbulence intensity with wind speed, the influence of land and sea distribution on gust factor and turbulence intensity are then discussed. Seven typhoons that have great impacts on Jiangsu are selected, including the rare typhoon Damrey in 2012 that landed in Jiangsu, and the typhoon's influence on the wind is discussed. Results show that the gust factor and turbulence intensity are strong at the height of 10 meters, in the coastal areas of Jiangsu. The annual average gust factor of 10 m and 70 m heights in the coastal areas of Jiangsu are 1.50 and 1.24; the turbulence intensities are 0.20 and 0.11, respectively. The frequency distribution of gust factor and turbulence intensity is unimodal. At lower observation heights, the frequency distribution is wider, the peak is lower, and the peak is biased toward the high value area. The influence of sea and land distribution is obvious. The turbulence intensity of offshore wind is significantly greater than that of onshore wind. The wind speed has a significant impact on gust factor and turbulence intensity, which decrease with the increase of wind speed. When a wind greater than strong breeze happens, the gust factor and turbulence intensity are basically stable and less variable. Near the typhoon center, the wind speed has a bimodal change of increasing-subtracting-increasing, and the wind direction changes rapidly in a short time. The turbulence intensity at 10 m and 70 m heights are 0.25 and 0.14, the gust factor at 10 m and 70 m heights are 1.65 and 1.33, much larger than the value around typhoon and without typhoon. During the passage of the typhoon center, the turbulence intensity and gust factor do not decrease with height and they increase between 30 m and 50 m. When the wind speed increases, the turbulence intensity and gust factor decrease overall, but local peaks may occur when the wind is strong breeze to moderate gale while the typhoon center passes, threatening the safety of the turbine.
- atmospheric boundary layer;
- turbulence intensity;
- gust factor

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References(47)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Distribution of wind tower sites

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Fig. 2 Variations of wind speed(a), gust coefficient(b) and turbulence intensity(c)

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Fig. 3 Vertical variations of gust factor(a) and turbulence intensity(b)

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Fig. 4 Distributions of gust coefficient(a) and turbulence intensity(b) in different directions at 10 m

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Fig. 5 Frequency distributions of gust factor(a) and turbulence intensity(b)

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Fig. 6 Meteorological elements of Tower 1 during the impact of typhoon Damrey in Aug 2012(a)wind speed and direction at 10 m, (b)wind speed and direction at 70 m, (c)pressure at 8.5 m, maximum wind speed at 10 m and 70 m

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Fig. 7 Vertical variations of wind speed(a), gust factor(b) and turbulence intensity(c)

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Fig. 8 Variations of gust factor(a) and turbulence intensity(b) of Tower 1 during the impact of typhoon Damrey in Aug 2012

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Fig. 9 Variations of gust factor(a) and turbulence intensity(b) with wind speed

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Table 1 The information of wind tower and observation settings

测风塔编号	塔高/m	海拔高度/m	周围环境	位置	风速观测层次/m	风向观测层次/m
1	70	1.0	沿海滩涂、周围有低矮灌木	连云港连云区	10，30，50，70	10，50，70
2	100	1.0	沿海滩涂	盐城射阳县	10，30，50，70，100	10，50，70，100
3	70	0.5	沿海滩涂、周围有少量树木	盐城东台市	10，30，50，70	10，50，70
4	100	1.0	沿海滩涂	南通如东市	10，30，50，70，100	10，50，70，100
5	70	1.5	沿海滩涂、周围有少量低矮建筑物	南通启东市	10，30，50，70	10，50，70

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Table 2 Effective data integrity rate of observations(unit:%)

测风塔编号	风速					风向
测风塔编号	10 m	30 m	50 m	70 m	100 m	10 m	50 m	70 m	100 m
1	97.2	97.4	97.8	97.5		97.2	97.2	97.5
2	96.5	96.7	96.5	96.6	96.2	95.8	95.9	95.8	95.5
3	97.1	97.0	97.1	97.1		96.6	96.6	96.8
4	98.3	98.5	98.7	98.7	98.7	98.4	98.4	98.4	98.4
5	99.0	99.1	99.4	99.4		98.8	99.0	99.0

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Table 3 Gust coefficient and turbulence intensity at different wind speed levels

要素	高度/m	1级风	2级风	3级风	4级风	5级风	6级风	7级风	8级及以上风
阵风系数	10	1.76	1.52	1.47	1.44	1.41	1.25	0.94	0.46
	30	1.69	1.34	1.30	1.29	1.28	1.27	1.14	0.69
	50	1.70	1.33	1.25	1.23	1.23	1.22	1.20	0.83
	70	1.71	1.32	1.24	1.21	1.20	1.19	1.18	0.97
	100	1.71	1.31	1.23	1.20	1.17	1.16	1.16	1.01
湍流强度	10	0.31	0.19	0.18	0.17	0.17	0.14	0.08	0.03
	30	0.29	0.14	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.10	0.04
	50	0.30	0.13	0.10	0.09	0.10	0.10	0.09	0.05
	70	0.30	0.13	0.10	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.08	0.06
	100	0.30	0.13	0.09	0.08	0.08	0.07	0.07	0.06

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