Vol.31, NO.1, 2020
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2020  >  31(1): 63-73
Cheng Xue, Sun Shuang, Zhang Fangliang, et al. Spatial and temporal distributions of apple drought in Northern China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(1): 63-73. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200106.
Citation: Cheng Xue, Sun Shuang, Zhang Fangliang, et al. Spatial and temporal distributions of apple drought in Northern China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(1): 63-73. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200106.
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Spatial and Temporal Distributions of Apple Drought in Northern China

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200106
  • 1.

    College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193

  • 2.

    Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2019-08-13
  • Rev Recd Date: 2019-10-12
  • Publish Date: 2020-01-31
    Abstract
  • Clarifying the spatial-temporal distribution and the periodic law of drought during different growth stages of apple in northern China can provide a scientific basis for disaster prevention and mitigation and high yield and quality. Based on daily meteorological data of 144 meteorological stations in north of China from 1981 to 2016, precipitation, water requirement, continuous no-precipitation days and the drought index during different growth stages of apple are calculated. Spatial distribution characteristics and temporal trends of apple drought in the study area are clarified. Finally, the periodic law of drought during different growth stages of apple in northern China is revealed with wavelet analysis. Results show that the spatial distribution of precipitation during different growth stages of apple is consistent with the spatial distribution of drought index. The precipitation exhibits an increasing trend from northwest to southeast during different growth stages. The precipitation during fruit tree sprouts to flower buds and flowering to maturity show a decreasing trend and the precipitation in stages from flower buds sprout to flower full bloom and from mature to fallen leaves exhibit an increasing trend from 1981 to 2016. The apple water requirement during stages from fruit tree sprouts to flower buds and from flower bud sprout to flower full bloom exhibit an increasing trend, while the other growing stages exhibit a decreasing trend from 1981 to 2016. High values for drought index are mainly distributed in Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei and Beijing. The drought index during the stage from fruit tree sprouts to flower buds shows an increasing trend, while during the other growth stages the drought index shows a decreasing trend from 1981 to 2016. There are three different scales of periodic variation for apple drought during different growth stages.Above all, areas with the most serious drought are mainly concentrated in Gansu, Ningxia, Hebei and Beijing. The drought is the most serious during the stage from flower bud sprout to flower full bloom, and the drought index during the growth stage from fruit tree sprouts to flower buds shows an increasing trend.
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    References(44)

  • Fig. 1  Distribution of weather stations in the study area

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    Fig. 2  Distribution of precipitation during different growth stages of apple from 1981 to 2016

    (a)from fruit tree sprouts to flower buds, (b)from flower bud sprout to flower full bloom, (c)from flower to maturity, (d)from mature to fallen leaves

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 3  Distribution of trend for precipitation (unit:mm/(10 a)) during different growth stages of apple from 1981 to 2016

    (a)from fruit tree sprouts to flower buds, (b)from flower bud sprout to flower full bloom, (c)from flower to maturity, (d)from mature to fallen leaves

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 4  Distribution of water requirement during different growth stages of apple from 1981 to 2016

    (a)from fruit tree sprouts to flower buds, (b)from flower bud sprout to flower full bloom, (c)from flower to maturity, (d)from mature to fallen leaves

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 5  Distribution of trend for water requirement (unit:mm/(10 a)) during different growth stages of apple from 1981 to 2016

    (a)from fruit tree sprouts to flower buds, (b)from flower bud sprout to flower full bloom, (c)from flower to maturity, (d)from mature to fallen leaves

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 6  Distribution of drought index during different growth stages of apple from 1981 to 2016

    (a)from fruit tree sprouts to flower buds, (b)from flower bud sprout to flower full bloom, (c)from flower to maturity, (d)from mature to fallen leaves

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 7  Distribution of trend for drought index (unit:(10 a)-1) during different growth stages of apple from 1981 to 2016

    (a)from fruit tree sprouts to flower buds, (b)from flower bud sprout to flower full bloom, (c)from flower to maturity, (d)from mature to fallen leaves

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Table  1  Statistics of the change trend of precipitation, water requirement, and drought index of apple during different growth stages

    生育阶段 变化趋势 降水量 需水量 干旱指数
    果树萌动-花芽萌动 显著上升 2 67 8
    显著下降 3 0 1
    花芽萌动-盛花 显著上升 5 24 3
    显著下降 0 7 5
    盛花-成熟 显著上升 0 32 0
    显著下降 0 35 2
    成熟-落叶 显著上升 19 14 0
    显著下降 0 34 1
    注:表中各数值表示达到0.05显著性水平的站点数。
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  2  The drought cycle of apple growth stages from 1981 to 2016

    生育阶段 尺度 频率 周期/a
    果树萌动-花芽萌动 2.09 0.39 3
    4.5 0.18 6
    8.36 0.1 10
    花芽萌动-盛花 1.83 0.44 2
    4.18 0.19 5
    14.63 0.06 18
    盛花-成熟 2.34 0.35 3
    5.32 0.15 7
    19.5 0.04 24
    成熟-落叶 2.54 0.32 3
    6.5 0.13 8
    19.5 0.04 24
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2019-08-13
    • Accepted : 2019-10-12
    • Published : 2020-01-31
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