Two-dimensional Optical Observation of Striking Distance of Lightning Flashes to Two Buildings in Guangzhou

Qi Qi; Lü Weitao; Wu Bin; Ma Ying; Chen Lüwen; Jiang Ruijiao

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20200203

Vol.31, NO.2, 2020

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Qi Qi, Lü Weitao, Wu Bin, et al. Two-dimensional optical observation of striking distance of lightning flashes to two buildings in Guangzhou. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 156-164. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200203.

Citation:

Qi Qi, Lü Weitao, Wu Bin, et al. Two-dimensional optical observation of striking distance of lightning flashes to two buildings in Guangzhou. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 156-164. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200203.

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Two-dimensional Optical Observation of Striking Distance of Lightning Flashes to Two Buildings in Guangzhou

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200203

Qi Qi^1,2,
Lü Weitao^{1
,
,},
Wu Bin¹,
Ma Ying¹,
Chen Lüwen³,
Jiang Ruijiao^1,2

1.
Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3.
Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080

Received Date: 2019-10-08
Rev Recd Date: 2020-01-20
Publish Date: 2020-03-31

Abstract

Abstract

Lightning can strike directly on buildings, lightning protection devices or the lateral surface of buildings, endangering buildings on the ground. Effective lightning protection measures can avoid lightning damage to buildings and prevent possible fire, explosion or other hazards. Striking distance is an important reference index in lightning protection design of buildings, which is widely used in various common lightning protection design methods, such as rolling ball method, collecting volume method, etc. With the development of social economy, there are more and more tall-object in modern cities. It becomes more challenging to accurately estimate the striking distance of buildings with different heights and to formulate more effective lightning protection schemes. Up to now, lots of researches on the attachment process of natural lightning are conducted, especially by means of optical observation, which mainly benefits from the intuition of optical data. Although a large number of observations have been made on the lightning attachment process, reports on the striking distance are still rare.Based on optical data of 21 lightning discharges on two steeple buildings, the Canton Tower (600 m, 12 cases) and the Guangsheng International Building (360 m, 9 cases) from 2012 to 2018, and data of return stroke peak current provided by Guangdong Power Grid Lightning Location System, influences of building height and return stroke peak current intensity on the striking distance are analyzed. Results show that the striking distance on higher buildings is longer, and the median lightning strike distance of the Canton Tower is about 2 times of that of the Guangsheng International Building. For buildings with a certain height, the striking distance tends to increase with the peak current increasing. Moreover, the higher the building is, the stronger the peak current of the corresponding return stroke is. The peak current of return stroke on the Canton Tower is obviously stronger than (about 1.7 times) that on the Guangsheng International Building. In the attachment process, the two-diensional average speed ratio of the downward leader and the upward leader is less than 4 at 0.1 ms before the return stroke. The number of cases with a ratio of 0 to 1 is the largest, accounting for about 65% of the total number of cases.
- tall-object;
- striking distance;
- optical observation;
- return stroke peak current

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References(44)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Location of the TOLOG, the Canton Tower and the Guangsheng International Building

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图 2 高速摄像HC-1 (10000帧/s)拍摄的一次广晟国际大厦上发生的闪电过程图像

(a)-2.2 ms，(b)-0.1 ms，(c)0.5 ms

Fig. 2 Lightning process images occurred on the Guangsheng International Building, obtained by high-speed video camera HC-1 (10000 fps)

(a)-2.2 ms, (b)-0.1 ms, (c)0.5 ms

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Fig. 3 Striking distance from the Canton Tower to the Guangsheng International Building

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Fig. 4 The relationship of the lightning return stroke peak current to the striking distance

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Fig. 5 The relationship between initiation time of the UCL and the striking distance from the Canton Tower to the Guangsheng International Building

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图 6 上行先导与下行先导的二维平均速率统计

(a)回击前0~0.1 ms上行先导的速率，(b)回击前0~0.5 ms上行先导的速率，(c)回击前0~0.1 ms下行先导的速率，(d)回击前0~0.5 ms下行先导的速率

Fig. 6 Two-dimensional average speeds statistic chart of upward connecting leader (UCL) and downward leader (DL)

(a)speeds of UCL from 0 to 0.1 ms before the return stroke, (b)speeds of UCL from 0 to 0.5 ms before the return stroke, (c)speeds of DL from 0 to 0.1 ms before the return stroke, (d)speeds of DL from 0 to 0.5 ms before the return stroke

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Fig. 7 The ratio between the speed of downward leader (V_d) and that of upward connecting leader (V_u) during 0.1 ms before the return stroke

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Table 1 Parameters of High-speed Video Cameras

观测时间	设备编号	型号	帧率/(帧/s)	焦距/mm	空间分辨率/(m/像素)
观测时间	设备编号	型号	帧率/(帧/s)	焦距/mm	广州塔	广晟国际大厦
2012年6月—2015年11月	HC-1	Photron FASTCAM SA5	10000	14	4.7	3.0
2016年5月—2018年9月	HC-1	Photron FASTCAM SAZ	20000	14	4.7	3.0
2010年6月—2018年9月	HC-2	Photron FASTCAM SA5	50000	20	3.3

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