Chen Lüwen, Lü Weitao, Zhang Yijun, et al. Detection results of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao lightning location system for tall-object lightning. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 165-174. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200204.
Citation: Chen Lüwen, Lü Weitao, Zhang Yijun, et al. Detection results of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao lightning location system for tall-object lightning. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 165-174. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200204.

Detection Results of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Lightning Location System for Tall-object Lightning

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200204
  • Received Date: 2019-10-15
  • Rev Recd Date: 2020-01-20
  • Publish Date: 2020-03-31
  • Tall-object lightning is one hot topic in the field of atmospheric electricity. In order to explore the application of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Lightning Location System (GHMLLS) data on tall-object lightning, the performance of GHMLLS is evaluated based on the observation obtained at the Tall-Object Lightning Observatory in Guangzhou (TOLOG) during 2016 to 2017, and a preliminary comparative analysis on characteristics of lightning activities in the tall-object area in Guangzhou are made. Results show that the flash detection and the stroke detection of GHMLLS is about 93% (214/229) and 93% (449/481). The arithmetic mean (median) value of the location error is about 361 m(188 m), 252 m(167 m) and 294 m(173 m) for downward first negative strokes, downward subsequent negative strokes and upward negative strokes respectively. It is found that the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning with higher grounding points are more likely to be misidentified as intro-cloud (IC) lightning by the GHMLLS. When the grounding point is (is not) lower than 200 m, the identification accuracy of the IC/CG classification is 99% (80%) and 93% (35%), respectively, for downward first negative strokes and the subsequent negative strokes. The accuracy of the IC/CG classification for upward negative strokes is found to be only 17%. According to statistical results of GHMLLS dataset from 2014 to 2018, negative IC records in tall-object area in Guangzhou are found to be more prominently gathered near buildings with height over 300 m than CG records, indicating that most negative IC records are actually tall-object strokes but just misjudged by GHMLLS. Mean shift algorithm is used to identify the lightning density centers of three relatively isolated tall buildings, namely the Canton Tower (600 m), the CITIC Plaza (390 m) and the GF Securities Headquarters (308 m). It's found that the number of strokes within the radius of 200 m in the lightning density center of the Canton Tower is about 5 times as much as that of the CITIC Plaza or the GF Securities Headquarters. It is speculated that most lightning occurred on the Canton Tower belonging to upward type, while those hitting the CITIC Plaza and the GF Securities Headquarters are mainly downward type.
  • Fig. 1  Distribution of sensors of GHMLLS and the site of the TOLOG

    Fig. 2  Box plots for location errors of lightning strokes

    Fig. 3  Distribution of the Canton Tower strokes (the origin corresponds to the location of the Canton Tower)

    Fig. 4  Frequency distribution of strokes of type S1(a), S2(b), S3(c) and S4(d) in Guangzhou tall-object area

    (the cell size is 100 m×100 m, A-E denote buildings with heights no less than 350 m, the solid triangle, hollow triangle and the cross symbols denote buildings with heights within ranges of 300-349 m, 250-299 m and 200-249 m, respectively)

    Fig. 5  Lightning location plots within a radius of 200 m and 500 m around the lightning density center produced by the Canton Tower(a), the CITIC Plaza(b) during 2014-2018, and the GF Securities Headquarters during 2016-2018(c)

    (the solid circle, hollow circle, solid inverted triangle and the cross symbols denote the stroke records belonging to class S1, S2, S3, S4)

    Table  1  Evaluation of the detection efficiency of GHMLLS based on the tall-object lightning flashes observed in Guangzhou during 2016-2017

    地闪类别 闪电次数 探测到的闪电次数 闪电探测效率/% 能确认的回击次数 探测到的回击次数 回击探测效率/%
    下行负极性闪电 195 185 95 385 360 93
    下行正极性闪电 9 5 56 9 5 56
    上行负极性闪电 25 24 96 87 84 97
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  2  Evaluation of intra-cloud and cloud-to-groud lightnings classification based on tall-object strokes observed in Guangzhou during 2016-2017

    地闪回击类别 接地点高度低于200 m 接地点高度不低于200 m
    总次数 误判次数 识别正确率/% 总次数 误判次数 识别正确率/%
    下行负闪电首次回击 84 1 99 41 8 80
    下行负闪电继后回击 126 9 93 54 35 35
    上行负闪电回击 94 78 17
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  3  Comparison of annual number of strokes within different distance ranges around the stroke records center near the Canton Tower, the CITIC Plaza and the GF Securities Headquarters

    高建筑物 距离闪电密度中心的半径d/m 年平均回击次数
    S1 S2 S3 S4 合计
    广州塔 d < 200 12.4 7.2 23.0 88.4 131.0
    200≤d < 500 12.6 3.0 3.8 9.2 28.6
    中信广场 d < 200 8.0 8.4 1.4 8.4 26.2
    200≤d < 500 14.0 4.6 0.6 0.2 19.4
    广发证券大厦 d < 200 6.0 7.0 1.7 9.0 23.3
    200≤d < 500 6.7 3.7 0.0 2.7 13.0
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2019-10-15
    • Accepted : 2020-01-20
    • Published : 2020-03-31

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