Detection Results of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Lightning Location System for Tall-object Lightning

Chen Lüwen; Lü Weitao; Zhang Yijun; Ma Ying; Qi Qi; Wu Bin

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20200204

Vol.31, NO.2, 2020

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Chen Lüwen, Lü Weitao, Zhang Yijun, et al. Detection results of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao lightning location system for tall-object lightning. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 165-174. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200204.

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Chen Lüwen, Lü Weitao, Zhang Yijun, et al. Detection results of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao lightning location system for tall-object lightning. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 165-174. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200204.

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Detection Results of Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Lightning Location System for Tall-object Lightning

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200204

Chen Lüwen^1,2,
Lü Weitao^{2
,
,},
Zhang Yijun³,
Ma Ying²,
Qi Qi²,
Wu Bin²

1.
Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology, CMA, Guangzhou 510080
2.
Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
3.
Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438

Received Date: 2019-10-15
Rev Recd Date: 2020-01-20
Publish Date: 2020-03-31

Abstract

Abstract

Tall-object lightning is one hot topic in the field of atmospheric electricity. In order to explore the application of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Lightning Location System (GHMLLS) data on tall-object lightning, the performance of GHMLLS is evaluated based on the observation obtained at the Tall-Object Lightning Observatory in Guangzhou (TOLOG) during 2016 to 2017, and a preliminary comparative analysis on characteristics of lightning activities in the tall-object area in Guangzhou are made. Results show that the flash detection and the stroke detection of GHMLLS is about 93% (214/229) and 93% (449/481). The arithmetic mean (median) value of the location error is about 361 m(188 m), 252 m(167 m) and 294 m(173 m) for downward first negative strokes, downward subsequent negative strokes and upward negative strokes respectively. It is found that the cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning with higher grounding points are more likely to be misidentified as intro-cloud (IC) lightning by the GHMLLS. When the grounding point is (is not) lower than 200 m, the identification accuracy of the IC/CG classification is 99% (80%) and 93% (35%), respectively, for downward first negative strokes and the subsequent negative strokes. The accuracy of the IC/CG classification for upward negative strokes is found to be only 17%. According to statistical results of GHMLLS dataset from 2014 to 2018, negative IC records in tall-object area in Guangzhou are found to be more prominently gathered near buildings with height over 300 m than CG records, indicating that most negative IC records are actually tall-object strokes but just misjudged by GHMLLS. Mean shift algorithm is used to identify the lightning density centers of three relatively isolated tall buildings, namely the Canton Tower (600 m), the CITIC Plaza (390 m) and the GF Securities Headquarters (308 m). It's found that the number of strokes within the radius of 200 m in the lightning density center of the Canton Tower is about 5 times as much as that of the CITIC Plaza or the GF Securities Headquarters. It is speculated that most lightning occurred on the Canton Tower belonging to upward type, while those hitting the CITIC Plaza and the GF Securities Headquarters are mainly downward type.
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Lightning Location System;
- tall-object;
- return stroke;
- performance evaluation

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References(25)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Distribution of sensors of GHMLLS and the site of the TOLOG

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Fig. 2 Box plots for location errors of lightning strokes

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Fig. 3 Distribution of the Canton Tower strokes (the origin corresponds to the location of the Canton Tower)

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图 4 2014—2018年广州高建筑物区域S1(a)、S2(b)、S3(c)和S4(d)类型回击的频次分布

(网格尺寸100 m×100 m，字母A到E代表高度不低于350 m的建筑，实心三角、空心三角和交叉号分别代表高度在300~349 m，250~299 m以及200~249 m的建筑)

Fig. 4 Frequency distribution of strokes of type S1(a), S2(b), S3(c) and S4(d) in Guangzhou tall-object area

(the cell size is 100 m×100 m, A-E denote buildings with heights no less than 350 m, the solid triangle, hollow triangle and the cross symbols denote buildings with heights within ranges of 300-349 m, 250-299 m and 200-249 m, respectively)

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图 5 2014—2018年广州塔(a)、中信广场(b)和2016—2018年广发证券大厦(c)附近闪电密度中心周围200 m和500 m半径范围内的定位记录

(实心圆、空心圆、实心倒三角和交叉号分别代表S1，S2，S3，S4类回击)

Fig. 5 Lightning location plots within a radius of 200 m and 500 m around the lightning density center produced by the Canton Tower(a), the CITIC Plaza(b) during 2014-2018, and the GF Securities Headquarters during 2016-2018(c)

(the solid circle, hollow circle, solid inverted triangle and the cross symbols denote the stroke records belonging to class S1, S2, S3, S4)

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Table 1 Evaluation of the detection efficiency of GHMLLS based on the tall-object lightning flashes observed in Guangzhou during 2016-2017

地闪类别	闪电次数	探测到的闪电次数	闪电探测效率/%	能确认的回击次数	探测到的回击次数	回击探测效率/%
下行负极性闪电	195	185	95	385	360	93
下行正极性闪电	9	5	56	9	5	56
上行负极性闪电	25	24	96	87	84	97

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Table 2 Evaluation of intra-cloud and cloud-to-groud lightnings classification based on tall-object strokes observed in Guangzhou during 2016-2017

地闪回击类别	接地点高度低于200 m			接地点高度不低于200 m
地闪回击类别	总次数	误判次数	识别正确率/%	总次数	误判次数	识别正确率/%
下行负闪电首次回击	84	1	99	41	8	80
下行负闪电继后回击	126	9	93	54	35	35
上行负闪电回击				94	78	17

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Table 3 Comparison of annual number of strokes within different distance ranges around the stroke records center near the Canton Tower, the CITIC Plaza and the GF Securities Headquarters

高建筑物	距离闪电密度中心的半径d/m	年平均回击次数
高建筑物	距离闪电密度中心的半径d/m	S1	S2	S3	S4	合计
广州塔	d < 200	12.4	7.2	23.0	88.4	131.0
广州塔	200≤d < 500	12.6	3.0	3.8	9.2	28.6
中信广场	d < 200	8.0	8.4	1.4	8.4	26.2
中信广场	200≤d < 500	14.0	4.6	0.6	0.2	19.4
广发证券大厦	d < 200	6.0	7.0	1.7	9.0	23.3
广发证券大厦	200≤d < 500	6.7	3.7	0.0	2.7	13.0

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