Vol.31, NO.2, 2020
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2020  >  31(2): 197-212
Zhang Yang, Chen Zefang, Wang Jingxuan, et al. Observation of the whole discharge process during a multi-stroke triggered lightning by continuous interferometer. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 197-212. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200207.
Citation: Zhang Yang, Chen Zefang, Wang Jingxuan, et al. Observation of the whole discharge process during a multi-stroke triggered lightning by continuous interferometer. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 197-212. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200207.
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Observation of the Whole Discharge Process During a Multi-stroke Triggered Lightning by Continuous Interferometer

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200207
  • 1.

    Laboratory of Lightning Physics and Protection Engineering/State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • 2.

    Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences & Institute of Atmospheric Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438

  • Received Date: 2019-10-08
  • Rev Recd Date: 2020-01-17
  • Publish Date: 2020-03-31
    Abstract
  • The discharge process is often discussed in the lightning physics. VHF (very high frequency) observations play an important role in studying lightning discharge processes, because they show where air breakdown occurs. Triggered lightning flashes are ideal research objects, because they are generated in a fixed time and place. Regular experiments of triggering lightning have been conducted by Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences since 2006, and 189 lightning flashes are triggered successfully. Besides regular observations, such as fast/slow antenna, channel-based current and high-speed video, the continuous interferometer (CINTF) is developed and deployed at the site for triggered lightning after 2016 in order to observe detailed discharge processes. The CINTF can provide high-precision location with time resolution of around 1 μs.A multi-stroke triggered lightning with 8 return strokes is observed by a self-developed lightning continuous interferometer during Guangdong Comprehensive Observation Experiment on Lightning Discharge on 11 June 2019. The whole discharge processes, including precursor current pulse, initial precursor current pulse, initial continuous current and return strokes, last for about 1600 ms. The channel-based current, electric field change and radiation source positions are obtained. CINTF results show that the radiation signal generated from discrete precursor current pulse with a minimum value of about 8 A can be detected. The average transfer charge of initial precursor current pulse is twice as much as that of the precursor current pulse. During the initial continuous current stage after continuously developing of the upward positive leader, the obviously forward channel extension is the main discharge form at the beginning, and then the extension can be accompanied by discontinuously backward propagation, and recoil leader often occurs in the following stage. M-component in the ICC stage is caused by two discharge processes:Forward positive streamer (or leader) or recoil leader generated in the existing channel. Multi recoil leaders occur during the whole M process, which maintain M discharge. The main discharge form in return stroke stage is recoiling discharge. There are multi recoil leaders before return strokes, however, most of them cannot develop to ground, keep as an attempted leader until the last leader-stroke occurs. Adjacent two strokes with a short duration time of 4.5 ms have the same optical channel in optical images, but they are obviously different in development paths, which lead to a very short RS interval.
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    References(29)

  • Fig. 1  Observation layout in the triggering lightning site

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    Fig. 2  Radiation sources distribution, channel-base current and electric field change waveform during the whole triggered lightning (colors of radiation sources corresponding to time)

    (a)waveform of slow electric field change, (b)elevation of radiation sources versus time and the corresponding current waveform, (c)hemispherical projection of radiation sources, (d)elevation of radiation sources versus azimuth

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    Fig. 3  Distribution of peak current(a) and distribution of pulse width(b) for PCP and IPCP

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 4  Radiation sources distribution, channel-base current and electric field change waveform during ICC stage (colors of radiation sources corresponding to time)

    (a)waveform of slow electric field change, (b)elevation of radiation sources versus time and the corresponding current waveform, (c)hemispherical projection of radiation sources, (d)elevation of radiation sources versus azimuth

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 5  Radiation sources distribution, channel-base current and electric field change waveform during 1002-1004 ms (colors of radiation sources corresponding to time)

    (a)waveform of slow electric field change, (b)elevation of radiation sources versus time and the corresponding current waveform, (c)hemispherical projection of radiation sources, (d)elevation of radiation sources versus azimuth

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 6  Radiation sources distribution, channel-base current and electric field change waveform during 1004-1015 ms (colors of radiation sources corresponding to time)

    (a)waveform of slow electric field change, (b)elevation of radiation sources versus time and the corresponding current waveform, (c)hemispherical projection of radiation sources, (d)elevation of radiation sources versus azimuth

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 7  Radiation sources distribution, channel-base current and electric field change waveform during a M discharge (colors of radiation sources corresponding to time)

    (a)waveform of slow electric field change, (b)elevation of radiation sources versus time and the corresponding current waveform, (c)hemispherical projection of radiation sources, (d)elevation of radiation sources versus azimuth

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 8  Radiation sources distribution, channel-base current and electric field change waveform during M discharge during 1285-1305 ms (colors of radiation sources corresponding to time)

    (a)waveform of slow electric field change, (b)elevation of radiation sources versus time and the corresponding current waveform, (c)hemispherical projection of radiation sources, (d)elevation of radiation sources versus azimuth

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 9  Radiation sources distribution, channel-base current and electric field change waveform during the 1st RS and the 2nd RS (colors of radiation sources corresponding to time, arrows to RS1 and RS2 represent development paths before the first return stroke and the second return stroke)

    (a)waveform of slow electric field change, (b)elevation of radiation sources versus time and the corresponding current waveform, (c)hemispherical projection of radiation sources, (d)elevation of radiation sources versus azimuth

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 10  Radiation sources distribution, channel-base current and electric field change waveform before the 6th RS (colors of radiation sources corresponding to time)

    (a)waveform of slow electric field change, (b)elevation of radiation sources versus time and the corresponding current waveform, (c)hemispherical projection of radiation sources, (d)elevation of radiation sources versus azimuth

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Table  1  Current parameters during precursor current pulse stage

    发展阶段 脉冲样本量 持续时间 平均峰值/A 脉冲宽度/μs 平均转移电荷/μC 整体转移电荷/μC
    PCP 39 650 ms 26.8 3.0 21.0 824
    IPCP 18 400 μs 23.9 4.9 41.3 743
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  2  Current parameters during return stroke stage

    回击次序 时间间隔/ms 峰值/ kA 转移电荷量/C
    1 0 10.57 0.59
    2 4.5 5.66 0.48
    3 87.6 12.69 0.66
    4 30 13.73 0.66
    5 70 13.82 0.73
    6 100 20.86 1.66
    7 90 16.55 0.90
    8 190 36.45 5.32
    平均值 71 16.29 1.37
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2019-10-08
    • Accepted : 2020-01-17
    • Published : 2020-03-31
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