Yang Wei, Fang Yang, Jiang Shuai, et al. Characteristics of the waterspout in East Dongting Lake on 13 August 2017. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(3): 328-338. DOI:   10.11898/1001-7313.20200307.
Citation: Yang Wei, Fang Yang, Jiang Shuai, et al. Characteristics of the waterspout in East Dongting Lake on 13 August 2017. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(3): 328-338. DOI:   10.11898/1001-7313.20200307.

Characteristics of the Waterspout in East Dongting Lake on 13 August 2017

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200307
  • Received Date: 2019-09-09
  • Rev Recd Date: 2019-11-15
  • Publish Date: 2020-05-31
  • Based on conventional weather data, automatic weather station data, and the observation of Yueyang Doppler radar, a waterspout occurred in Bianshan waters of East Dongting Lake (Bianshan waterspout for short) on 13 August 2017 is analyzed. Results show that the cold and warm airflows converge in the East Dongting Lake area when the upper East Asian trough forces the cold air southward, and the subtropical high guides the southwestern warm moist flow northward. The quasi stationary front over the north central Hunan Province is northeast to southwest, forming an "S" curve, which is favorable for the convergence of frontal instability energy to the East Dongting Lake area. The special geographical environment is easy to trigger canyon effect, which often leads to increased wind speed and humidity. The strong divergence in front of the upper trough, the deep low-pressure shear from northeast to southwest in the middle and lower layers, strong cyclonic convergence in the boundary layer, and the special topography jointly form a strong convergent upwelling flow field. When three meso-gamma-scale low eddies on the ground move northward to Bianshan waters, influenced by combined effects of the above flow field and the front and back vortices, the second vortex strengthens rapidly and forms a waterspout. The meteorological factors such as wind speed, wind direction, air pressure and visibility recorded by the lighthouse automatic meteorological station in the lake center change significantly when the waterspout passes, while precipitation is only 0.2 mm. Yueyang Doppler radar shows that the centroid of heavy precipitation is low to the north of strong convergence zone, where shear of strong wind is moderate and the radial wind speed over the shear is low. Yueyang Doppler radar wind profiles show that mesocyclone at the height of 0.6 km and the convergent flow fields near the ground at the height of 0.3 km are superimposed when the waterspout formed at 0905 BT. Waterspouts in the southern convergence zone have no storm tracking information, mesocyclones or tornado-type vortices. However, heavy precipitation accompanied by strong subsidence and convergence at the middle and low altitudes often produce both rising and subsidence currents, which are obviously unfavorable for the formation and development of waterspouts that need huge upward pumping. Comparing and analyzing waterspout processes of the Shengjin Lake in Anhui Province and the Dongting Lake in Hunan Province, it is concluded that the funnel-shaped strong lift suction caused by large-scale divergence at high altitude and the deep low-pressure shear from northeast to southwest in the middle and lower layers, and the intense convergence of cyclones and surface cyclones in the boundary layer are the main causes of the waterspout formation.

  • Fig. 1  Bianshan Waterspout of the East Dongting Lake on 13 Aug 2017

    Fig. 2  Pressure of Meitanwan Station and Bianshan Station on 13 Aug 2017

    Fig. 3  Instantaneous wind direction and wind velocity at Bianshan Station on 13 Aug 2017

    Fig. 4  Meteorological stations in the East Dongting Lake and the path of Bianshan Waterspout

    Fig. 5  Mesoscale weather analysis map at 0800 BT 13 Aug 2017

    Fig. 6  Reflectivity of Yueyang Doppler radar with 0.5° elevation at 0848 BT(a), 0900 BT(b) and 0905 BT(c) on 13 Aug 2017

    Fig. 7  Radial velocity of Yueyang Doppler radar with 0.5° elevation at 0848 BT(a), 0900 BT(b) and 0905 BT(c) on 13 Aug 2017

    (the yellow ellipse is convergence zone and the yellow arrow is the direction of airflow zone in Fig. 7c)

    Fig. 8  Radial velocity of Yueyang Doppler radar with 9.9° elevation at 0905 BT 13 Aug 2017

    Fig. 9  VAD wind profile of Yueyang Doppler radar from 0825 BT to 0922 BT on 13 Aug 2017

    (the color of barb denotes root mean square error of wind velocity)

    Table  1  Evolution of maximum radial velocity of Yueyang Doppler radar with 9.9° elevation on 13 Aug 2017(unit:m·s-1)

    时间 入流径向速度 出流径向速度
    08:31 32 31
    08:37 25 29
    08:42 22 15
    08:48 25 19
    08:54 31 21
    09:00 19 21
    09:05 19 22
    09:11 31 30
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  2  Characteristics of Bianshan Waterspout in the East Dongting Lake and the Shengjin Lake Waterspout in Anhui Province

    气象要素 扁山水龙卷 升金湖水龙卷
    移动速度 9.1 m·s-1 缓慢
    移动距离 4 km 1 km
    龙卷级别 F1 F0
    切变线附近的风速 西南风达到急流标准 未达到急流标准
    低层垂直风切变
    主要成因 边界层中气旋与近地面强烈的气旋式辐合流场叠加 高温高湿的低层大气中大量不稳定能量集中释放
    超级单体龙卷
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    • Received : 2019-09-09
    • Accepted : 2019-11-15
    • Published : 2020-05-31

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