The Cause of Night Clear Air Echo of S-band Weather Radar in Beijing

Teng Yupeng; Chen Hongbin; Ma Shuqing; Li Siteng; Wu Dongli; Zhou Yan

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20200507

Vol.31, NO.5, 2020

Turn off MathJax

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2020 > 31(5): 595-607

Teng Yupeng, Chen Hongbin, Ma Shuqing, et al. The cause of night clear air echo of S-band weather radar in Beijing. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(5): 595-607. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200507.

Citation:

Teng Yupeng, Chen Hongbin, Ma Shuqing, et al. The cause of night clear air echo of S-band weather radar in Beijing. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(5): 595-607. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200507.

Teng Yupeng, Chen Hongbin, Ma Shuqing, et al. The cause of night clear air echo of S-band weather radar in Beijing. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(5): 595-607. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200507.

Citation:

Teng Yupeng, Chen Hongbin, Ma Shuqing, et al. The cause of night clear air echo of S-band weather radar in Beijing. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(5): 595-607. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200507.

PDF( 3368 KB)

The Cause of Night Clear Air Echo of S-band Weather Radar in Beijing

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200507

1.
Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
3.
CMA Meteorological Observation Center, Beijing 100081
4.
Institute of Urban Meteorology, CMA, Beijing 100089
5.
Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193

Received Date: 2020-04-15
Rev Recd Date: 2020-07-08
Publish Date: 2020-09-30

Abstract

Abstract

S-band weather radar can often detect a large number of clear air echoes at night. However, there are different views on the mechanism of clear air echoes. According to characteristics of biological migration, combined with L-band radiosonde data and Beijing S-band weather radar data from 1 March to 18 October in 2018, changes of clear air echo reflectivity factor in different seasons and wind directions are analyzed to discuss causes of clear air echo. Firstly, characteristics of time variation of clear air echo are analyzed. The intensity of clear air echo in Beijing increases after sunset, weakens before sunrise, and changes little at night. The intensity of echo gradually increases from March to the middle of May, then weakens from July to the first ten days in August, and maintains at a high level since September. In vertical profiles, the fluctuation of high-level echoes, up to the altitude of 2 kilometers, is larger than that of low-level echoes, with an obviously seasonal variation. Secondly, by comparing the relationship between the wind direction and radar data in different periods of time, it is found that the echo is not consistent with the biological activity regularity. The entropy of radar data gray level co-occurrence matrix is also calculated, and there is no rule to follow the biology. Therefore, it is considered that the turbulence is the dominant cause of night clear air echo in Beijing. And then, radiosonde data show that the temperature lapse rate and wind shear are consistent with the seasonal variation of combined reflectivity factor at the altitude from 1 to 2 km. Finally, possible influence factors of clear air echo are inferred based on some phenomena observed.
- S-band weather radar;
- clear air echo;
- turbulence scattering;
- biological migration

FullText(HTML)

References(49)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Beijing S-band weather radar clear-air echo reflectivity factor at 2000 BT in 2018 (a)1 Apr, (b)1 Jun, (c)1 Aug, (d)1 Oct

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 2018年北京S波段天气雷达监测回波变化

(a)4月1日14：00—2日11：00组合反射率因子，(b)6月1日14：00—2日11：00组合反射率因子，(c)10月1日14：00—2日11：00组合反射率因子

Fig. 2 Composite reflectivity of Beijing S-band weather radar

(a)from 1400 BT 1 Apr to 1100 BT 2 Apr in 2018, (b)from 1400 BT 1 Jun to 1100 BT 2 Jun in 2018, (c)from 1400 BT 1 Oct to 1100 BT 2 Oct in 2018

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 3 The vertical distribution of Beijing S-band weather radar reflectivity at 2300 BT from 1 Mar to 18 Oct in 2018

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 4 Hourly composite reflectivity of Beijing S-band weather radar from 2100 BT to next 0200 BT during 1 Mar-18 Oct in 2018

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 5 2018年3月1日—10月18日北京S波段天气雷达反射率因子在不同时段、不同风向下出现日数

(a)100 m高度，(b)750 m高度，(c)1.5 km高度

Fig. 5 The number of days of Beijing S-band radar reflectivity factor appearing in different wind directions and different periods from 1 Mar to 18 Oct in 2018

(a)at altitude of 100 m, (b)at altitude of 750 m, (c)at altitude of 1.5 km

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 6 The entropy of gray level co-occurrence matrix of Beijing S-band radar data at altitudes of 100 m, 750 m and 1.5 km at 2300 BT from 1 Mar to 18 Oct in 2018

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 7 北京地区2018年3月1日—10月18日每日夜间探空数据

(a)理查森数，(b)温度(单位:℃)，(c)相对湿度(单位:%)，(d)水平风速(单位:m·s^-1)，(e)温度垂直递减率(单位:℃·(100 m)^-1)，(f)水平风切变(单位:(m·s^-1)·(100 m)^-1)

Fig. 7 Night-time radiosonde data in Beijing from 1 Mar to 18 Oct in 2018

(a)Richardson number, (b)temperature(unit:℃), (c)relative humidity(unit:%), (d)wind speed(unit: m·s^-1), (e)temperature vertical decline rate(unit:℃·(100 m)^-1), (f)horizontal wind shear(unit:(m·s^-1)·(100 m)^-1)

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Fig. 8 The mean value of 2000 BT temperature vertical decline rate(a) and horizontal wind shear(b) of height from 1 km to 2 km in Beijing from 1 Mar to 18 Oct in 2018

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

Table 1 The mean value of reflectivity factor of clear air echo in northward migration period(Mar-Jul) and southward migration period(Aug-Oct) (unit:dBZ)

高度	南迁		北迁
高度	北风天气	南风天气	北风天气	南风天气
100 m	13.9	13.9	10.2	10.1
750 m	11.6	9.5	6.5	7.2
1.5 km	12.0	8.2	4.5	8.2

DownLoad: Download CSV

References

[1]	张培昌, 杜秉玉, 戴铁丞.雷达气象学.北京:气象出版社, 2001:327-328.
[2]	赵海军.晴空回波特征与风场信息应用.气象科技, 2017, 45(3):477-484. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=qxkj201703012
[3]	Larkin R P.Flight speeds observed with radar, a correction:Slow "birds" are insects.Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 1991, 29(3):221-224. doi: 10.1007/BF00166405
[4]	Rennie S J, Illingworth A A J, Dancea A S L, et al.The accuracy of Doppler radar wind retrievals using insects as targets.Meteor Appl, 2010, 17(4):419-432. doi: 10.1002/met.174
[5]	焦热光, 张智, 石广玉, 等.北京多普勒天气雷达上的昆虫回波分析.应用昆虫学报, 2018, 55(2):177-185. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=kczs201802006
[6]	魏鸣, 秦学, 王啸华, 等.南京地区大气边界层晴空回波研究.南京气象学院学报, 2007, 30(6):736-744. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=njqxxyxb200706003
[7]	黄琴, 魏鸣, 胡汉峰, 等.晴空回波的大气风温湿结构及双偏振雷达参量分析.气象, 2018, 44(4):526-537. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=qx201804006
[8]	Wilson J W, Weckwerth T M, Vivekanandan J, et al.Boundary layer clear-air radar echoes:Origin of echoes and accuracy of derived winds.J Atmos Oceanic Technol, 1994, 11(5):1184. doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(1994)011<1184:BLCARE>2.0.CO;2
[9]	何彩芬, 黄旋旋, 丁烨毅, 等.宁波非气象雷达回波的人工智能识别及滤波.应用气象学报, 2007, 18(6):856-864. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/200706129
[10]	王丽荣, 卞韬, 苏运涛, 等.晴空回波在强对流天气临近预报中的应用.应用气象学报, 2010, 21(5):606-613. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20100510
[11]	江源, 刘黎平, 庄薇.多普勒天气雷达地物回波特征及其识别方法改进.应用气象学报, 2009, 20(2):203-213. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20090210
[12]	李丰, 刘黎平, 王红艳, 等.S波段多普勒天气雷达非降水气象回波识别.应用气象学报, 2012, 23(2):147-158. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20120203
[13]	黄兴友, 李盈盈, 张帅, 等.基于模糊逻辑的地物回波识别方法及效果检验.热带气象学报, 2018, 34(3):305-313. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=rdqxxb201803003
[14]	MerrillI S.雷达手册.北京:电子工业出版社, 2003.
[15]	Stepanian P M, Horton K G, Melnickov V M, et al.Dual-polarization radar products for biological applications.Ecosphere, 2016, 7(11):1-27. doi: 10.1002/ecs2.1539
[16]	Zrnic D S, Ryzhkov A V.Observations of insects and birds with a polarimetric radar.IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens, 1998, 36(2):661-668. doi: 10.1109/36.662746
[17]	Richardson L M, Cunningham J G, Zittel W D, et al.Bragg scatter detection by the WSR-88D.Part I:Algorithm development.J Atmos Oceanic Technol, 2016, 34(3):465-478. https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAtOT..34..465R/abstract
[18]	胡隐樵, 陈晋北, 左洪超.湍流强度定理和湍流发展的宏观机制.中国科学(地球科学), 2007, 37(2):272-281. http://d.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/zgkx-cd200702015
[19]	陈京元, 陈式刚, 王光瑞.大气湍流间歇性及其对光波传播的影响.物理学进展, 2005, 25(4):386-406. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=wlxjz200504004
[20]	胡非.湍流的间歇性等若干问题的研究.北京:中国科学院大气物理研究所, 1994.
[21]	华行祥, 朱兰娟, 赵向荣.新一代高空探测系统使用技巧和故障处理方法.气象科技, 2006, 34(2):197-198. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=qxkj200602017
[22]	Amidror J.Scattered data interpolation methods for electronic imaging systems:A survey.Journal of Electronic Imaging, 2002, 11(2):157-176. doi: 10.1117/1.1455013
[23]	吴翠红, 万玉发, 吴涛, 等.雷达回波垂直廓线及其生成方法.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(2):232-239. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20060239
[24]	Weisman L, Klemp B.Characteristics of isolated convective storms.Mesoscale Meteorology & Forecasting, 1986, 793:331-358. http://www.geosci.sfsu.edu/geosciences/classes/m835/ppts/Fall2007Presentations/ElizabethC.ppt
[25]	范绍佳, 林文实, 苏雄晖, 等.理查逊数R_i在沿海近地层大气稳定度分类中的应用.热带气象学报, 1990, 15(4):370-375. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=QK199900538807
[26]	张林, 杨洪.S波段WSR-88D双偏振雷达观测非降水回波识别方法研究.气象, 2018, 44(5):665-675. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=qx201805007
[27]	袁占亭.基于一维熵的图像阈值自动选取.兰州理工大学学报, 1993, 19(1):84-88. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-GSGY199301015.htm
[28]	高程程, 惠晓威.基于灰度共生矩阵的纹理特征提取.计算机系统应用, 2010, 19(6):195-198. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=jsjxtyy201006047
[29]	Feng Hongqiang, Wu Kongming, Cheng Dengfa, et al.Spring migration and summer dispersal of Loxostege sticticalis (Lepidoptera:Pyralidae) and other insects observed with radar in Northern China.Environmental Entomology, 2004, 33(5):1253-1265. doi: 10.1603/0046-225X-33.5.1253
[30]	Liu Yongqiang, Fu Xiaowei, Feng Hongqiang, et al.Trans-regional migration of Agrotis ipsilon (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) in North-East Asia.Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 2015, 108(4):519-527. doi: 10.1093/aesa/sav050
[31]	He L, Fu X, Huang Y, et al.Seasonal patterns of Scotogramma trifolii Rottemberg (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) migration across the Bohai Strait in northern China.Crop Protection, 2018, 106:34-41. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2017.12.002
[32]	Feng Hongqiang, Wu Xianfu, Wu Bo, et al.Seasonal migration of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) over the Bohai Sea.Journal of Economic Entomology, 2009, 102(1):95-104. doi: 10.1603/029.102.0114
[33]	Fu Xiaowei, Xing Zhenlong, Liu Zhongfang, et al.Migration of diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, across the Bohai Sea in northern China.Crop Protection, 2014, 64:143-149. doi: 10.1016/j.cropro.2014.06.021
[34]	Feng Hongqiang, Zhang Yunhui, Wu Kongming, et al.Nocturnal windborne migration of ground beetles, particularly Pseudoophonus griseus (Coleoptera:Carabidae), in China.Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2007, 9(2):103-113. doi: 10.1111/j.1461-9563.2007.00326.x
[35]	Zhao X Y, Fu X W, Abid Ali, et al.Is Heliothis viriplaca (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) a long-distance migrant?Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2016, 106(6):1-9. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/bulletin-of-entomological-research/article/is-heliothis-viriplaca-lepidoptera-noctuidae-a-longdistance-migrant/6375E455913AB46EDFA7B6EFD9E85CAB
[36]	Feng H Q, Wu K M, Cheng D F, et al.Radar observations of the autumn migration of the beet armyworm Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae) and other moths in northern China.Bulletin of Entomological Research, 2003, 93(2):115-124. doi: 10.1079/BER2002221
[37]	张智.北方地区重大迁飞性害虫的监测与种群动态分析.北京:中国农业科学院, 2013.
[38]	崔保平, 张孝羲.迁飞过程中昆虫的行为.应用生态学报, 1993, 4(4):440-446. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYSB199304016.htm
[39]	Zhang Yunhui, Chen Lin, Cheng Dengfa, et al.Nocturnal migration of Coleoptera:Carabidae in North China.Agricultural Sciences in China, 2018, 7(8):977-986. http://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-ZNYK200801015.htm
[40]	Chapman J W, Reynolds D R, Smith A D, et al.High-altitude migration of the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella to the UK:A study using radar, aerial netting, and ground trapping.Ecological Entomology, 2010, 27(6):641-650. https://www.cabdirect.org/cabdirect/abstract/20023180965
[41]	Chapman J W, Reynolds D R, Brooks S J, et al.Seasonal variation in the migration strategies of the green lacewing Chrysoperla carnea species complex.Ecological Entomology, 2006, 31(4):378-388. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2311.2006.00797.x
[42]	Broeke V D, Matthew S.Polarimetric radar observations of biological scatterers in Hurricanes Irene (2011) and Sandy (2012).J Atmos Oceanic Technol, 2013, 30(12):2754-2767. doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-13-00056.1
[43]	刘黎平, 谢蕾, 崔哲虎.毫米波云雷达功率谱密度数据的检验和在弱降水滴谱反演中的应用研究.大气科学, 2014, 38(2):212-236. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=daqikx201402003
[44]	Roland B S.边界层气象学导论.北京:气象出版社, 1991:156-164.
[45]	Ottersten H.Radar backscattering from the turbulent clear atmosphere.Radio Science, 1969, 4(12):1251-1255. doi: 10.1029/RS004i012p01251
[46]	孙豪, 刘黎平, 郑佳锋.不同波段垂直指向雷达功率谱密度对比.应用气象学报, 2017, 28(4):447-457. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170406
[47]	刘黎平, 葛润生.中国气象科学研究院雷达气象研究50年.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(6):38-45. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/200606117
[48]	胡志群, 刘黎平, 肖艳姣.降水粒子空间取向对双线偏振雷达观测影响模拟研究.应用气象学报, 2008, 19(3):362-366. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20080359
[49]	王洪, 孔凡铀, Jung Youngsun, 等.面向资料同化的S波段双偏振雷达质量控制.应用气象学报, 2018, 29(5):546-558. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180504