跃增时刻 | 降雹时刻 | 与首次跃增时刻相比得到的预警提前时间/min |
16:42,16:48 | 17:40—17:41 | 58 |
17:10,17:16,17:26,17:28,17:40 | 18:00—18:06 | 50 |
18:28 | 18:50—18:53 | 22 |
18:28,18:30,18:52 | 19:15—19:20 | 47 |
18:28,18:30,18:52 | 19:16—19:17 | 48 |
无 | 19:58—20:01 | 漏报 |
Citation: | Tian Ye, Yao Wen, Yin Jiali, et al. Comparison of the performance of different lightning jump algorithms in Beijing. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(2): 217-232. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210207. |
Fig. 6 Identified strong convection cells and the located total flashes in 3 min before and after the corresponding time
(the red dot indicates the intracloud flash, the red × indicates the negative cloud-to-ground flash and the red + indicates the positive cloud-to-ground flash, the black six-pointed star indicates the hailfall position, the illustration is an enlarged view of superposition of the split cell and the total flashes in the figure of 1948 BT)
Table 1 The lightning jump information of 2σ algorithm for a squall line process in Beijing on 7 Aug 2015
跃增时刻 | 降雹时刻 | 与首次跃增时刻相比得到的预警提前时间/min |
16:42,16:48 | 17:40—17:41 | 58 |
17:10,17:16,17:26,17:28,17:40 | 18:00—18:06 | 50 |
18:28 | 18:50—18:53 | 22 |
18:28,18:30,18:52 | 19:15—19:20 | 47 |
18:28,18:30,18:52 | 19:16—19:17 | 48 |
无 | 19:58—20:01 | 漏报 |
Table 2 The lightning jump information of Gatlin algorithm for a squall line process in Beijing on 7 Aug 2015
跃增时刻 | 降雹时刻 | 与首次跃增时刻相比得到的预警提前时间/min |
16:42,16:48,16:54 | 17:40—17:41 | 58 |
17:00,17:06,17:10,17:16,17:26,17:28,17:34,17:40,17:42 | 18:00—18:06 | 60 |
18:28,18:30,18:32,18:52 | 18:50—18:53 | 22 |
18:56,19:16 | 19:15—19:20 | 19 |
18:56,19:16 | 19:16—19:17 | 20 |
19:28,19:36 | 19:58—20:01 | 30 |
[1] |
Wang T B, Zheng D, Zhou K H, et al. Contrastive analysis of lightning characteristics between rainstorm case and hailstorm case. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(5): 568-578. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170505
|
[2] |
Goodman S J, Christian H J, Rust W D. A comparison of the optical pulse characteristics of intracloud and cloud-to-ground lightning as observed above clouds. J Appl Meteorol, 1988, 27(12): 1369-1381. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1988)027<1369:ACOTOP>2.0.CO;2
|
[3] |
Lang T J, Rutledge S A.One Severe Storm with Two Distinct Electrical Regimes During its Lifetime: Implications for Nowcasting Severe Weather with Lightning Data//Proceedings of 1st Conference of Meteorological Applications of Lightning Data, San Diego, CA, 2005.
|
[4] |
McKinney C M, Carey L D, Patrick G R. Total lightning observations of supercells over north central Texas. Electronic J Severe Storms Meteor, 2009, 4(2): 1-25. http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=52225677&site=ehost-live
|
[5] |
Darden C B, Nadler D J, Carcione B C, et al. Utilizing total lightning information to diagnose convective trends. Bull Amer Meteor Soc, 2010, 91(2): 167-175. doi: 10.1175/2009BAMS2808.1
|
[6] |
Rudlosky S D, Fuelberg H E. Documenting storm severity in the mid-Atlantic region using lightning and radar information. Mon Wea Rev, 2013, 141(9): 3186-3202. doi: 10.1175/MWR-D-12-00287.1
|
[7] |
Zhu J J, Diao X G, Huang X S. Study of CINRAD/SA products for a hail storm. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2004, 15(5): 579-589. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20040571
|
[8] |
Wang J, Liu L P. The evaluation of WSR-88D hail detection algorithm over Guizhou region. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2011, 22(1): 96-106. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20110110
|
[9] |
Zhang B X, Li G C, Liu L P, et al. Identification method of hail weather based on fuzzy-logical principle. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(4): 415-426. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20140404
|
[10] |
Shi B L, Wang H Y, Liu L P. Coverage capacity of hail detection for Yunnan doppler weather radar network. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(3): 270-281. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20180302
|
[11] |
Kane R J. Correlating lightning to severe local storms in the northeastern United States. Wea Forecasting, 1991, 6(1): 3-12. doi: 10.1175/1520-0434(1991)006<0003:CLTSLS>2.0.CO;2
|
[12] |
Williams E R, Boldi B, Matlin A, et al. The behavior of total lightning activity in severe Florida thunderstorms. Atmos Res, 1999, 51(3/4): 245-265. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809599000113
|
[13] |
Metzger E, Nuss W A. The relationship between total cloud lightning behavior and radar-derived thunderstorm structure. Wea Forecasting, 2010, 28(1): 237-253. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013WtFor..28..237M
|
[14] |
Goodman S J, Blakeslee T R, Christian H, et al. The North Alabama lightning mapping array: Recent severe storm observations and future prospects. Atmos Res, 2005, 76(1/2/3/4): 423-437. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809505000645
|
[15] |
Schultz C J, Petersen W A, Carey L D. Preliminary development and evaluation of lightning jump algorithms for the real-time detection of severe weather. J Appl Meteorol Climatol, 2009, 48(12): 2543-2563. doi: 10.1175/2009JAMC2237.1
|
[16] |
Wapler K. The life-cycle of hailstorms: Lightning, radar reflectivity and rotation characteristics. Atmos Res, 2017, 193: 60-72. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2017.04.009
|
[17] |
Chen Z Z. The characteristics of lightning from clouds to ground accompanying with hailstones, thunderstorms and gusts. Acta Meteor Sinica, 1995, 53(3): 367-374. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXB503.012.htm
|
[18] |
Zhou Y J, Zhang Y J, Qie X S, et al. The relationship between the variation of hail cloud system and its cloud to ground lightning in the east part of Gansu province. Plateau Meteor, 1999, 18(2): 236-244. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX902.012.htm
|
[19] |
Cai X Y, Wan X, Guo H. Application analysis of lightning location data in Beijing area. Meteor Sci Technol, 2001, 29(4): 33-35. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXKJ200104007.htm
|
[20] |
Feng G L, Bian D X, Liu H P, et al. The evolution of hail cloud system and characterof its cloud to ground lightning. Meteor Mon, 2001, 27(3): 33-37. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX200103008.htm
|
[21] |
Feng G L, Qie X S, Yuan T, et al. A case study of cloud-to-ground lightning activities in hailstorms under cold eddy synoptic situation. Acta Meteor Sinica, 2006, 64(2): 85-94. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXB200602008.htm
|
[22] |
Feng G L, Qie X S, Wu S J. Cloud-to-ground lightning characteristics of hail clouds in Shandong province. Chin J Atmos Sci, 2008, 32(2): 289-299. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK200802007.htm
|
[23] |
Liu D, Feng G, Wu S. The characteristics of cloud-to-ground lightning activity in hailstorms over northern China. Atmos Res, 2009, 91(2-4): 459-465. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809508002196
|
[24] |
Gatlin P N.Severe Weather Precursors in the Lightning Activity of Tennessee Valley Thunderstorms.Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alabama, 2007.
|
[25] |
Schultz C J, Petersen W A, Carey L D. Lightning and severe weather: A comparison between total and cloud-to-ground lightning trends. Wea Forecasting, 2011, 26(5): 744-755. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011WtFor..26..744S
|
[26] |
Yao W, Zhang Y, Meng Q, et al. A comparison of the characteristics of total and cloud-to-ground lightning activities in hailstorms. Acta Meteor Sinica, 2013, 27(2): 282-293. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTotal-QXXW201302013.htm
|
[27] |
Chronis T, Carey L D, Schultz C J, et al. Exploring lightning jump characteristics. Wea Forecasting, 2015, 30(1): 23-37. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015WtFor..30...23C
|
[28] |
Tian Y, Qie X S, Sun Y, et al. Total lightning signatures of thunderstorms and lightning jumps in hailfall nowcasting in the Beijing area. Atmos Res, 2019, 230: 104646. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809519309020
|
[29] |
Zhang W J, Meng Q, Lü W T, et al. Error analyses and network optimization for time-of-arrival lightning locating system. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2009, 20(4): 402-410. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20090403
|
[30] |
Wang Y, Qie X S, Wang D F, et al. Beijing lightning network (BLNET) and the observation on preliminary breakdown processes. Atmos Res, 2016, 171: 121-132. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0169809515004020
|
[31] |
Srivastava A, Tian Y, Qie X S, et al. Performance assessment of Beijing Lightning Network (BLNET) and comparison with other lightning location networks across Beijing. Atmos Res, 2017, 197: 76-83. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016980951730217X
|
[32] |
Dixon M, Wiener G. TITAN: Thunderstorm identification, tracking, analysis, and nowcasting-A radar-based methodology. J Atmos Ocean Technol, 1993, 10(10): 785-797. http://ci.nii.ac.jp/naid/80007371603
|
[33] |
Schultz C J, Carey L D, Schultz E V, et al. Kinematic and microphysical significance of lightning jumps versus nonjump increases in total flash rate. Wea Forecasting, 2017, 32(1): 275-288. http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/29158622
|
[34] |
Gatlin P N, Goodman S J. A total lightning trending algorithm to identify severe thunderstorms. J Atmos Ocean Technol, 2010, 27(1): 3-22. http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-data_query?bibcode=2010JAtOT..27....3G&db_key=PHY&link_type=ABSTRACT
|
[35] |
Lan Y, Zheng Y G, Mao D Y, et al. Classification and satellite nephogram features of hail weather in North China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2014, 25(5): 538-549. http://qikan.camscma.cn/article/id/20140503
|
[36] |
Xu S, Zheng D, Wang Y, et al. Characteristics of the two active stages of lightning activity in two hailstorms. J Meteor Res, 2016, 30(2): 265-281. http://www.cqvip.com/QK/88418X/20162/668824630.html
|
[37] |
Hu S, Luo C, Zhang Y, et al. Doppler radar features of severe hailstorms in Guangdong Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(1): 57-65. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20150106
|
[38] |
Liu Z, Guo F X, Zheng D, et al. Lightning activities in a convection cell dominated by heavy warm cloud precipitation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(2): 185-196. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200206
|