Vol.32,  No.3, 
May  2021
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Yan Jiaming, Zhao Bingke, Zhang Shuai, et al. Observation analysis and application evaluation of wind profile radar to diagnosing the boundary layer of landing typhoon. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 332-346. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210306.
Citation: Yan Jiaming, Zhao Bingke, Zhang Shuai, et al. Observation analysis and application evaluation of wind profile radar to diagnosing the boundary layer of landing typhoon. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(3): 332-346. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210306.
shu

Observation Analysis and Application Evaluation of Wind Profile Radar to Diagnosing the Boundary Layer of Landing Typhoon

  • 1.

    Shanghai Typhoon Institute of China Meteorological Administration, Shanghai 200030

  • 2.

    Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350001

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    Abstract
  • The feasibility of wind profile radar in typhoon observation is investigated with 6 cases including Feng-wong(1422), Chan-hom(1509), Nepartak(1601), Meranti(1614), Megi(1617), and Lekima(1909) during 2014 to 2019. Thirty-four groups datasets, including the Airda 3000 boundary layer wind profile radar, GPS balloon sounding and PARSIVEL laser precipitation data are analyzed.Preliminary analysis show that 30 out of 34 datasets satisfy the prerequisite condition of greater than 80% data completion. The average wind speed standard deviation of these 30 datasets is about 3.64 m·s-1 and the average difference is 4.67 m·s-1. Furthermore, 19 out of the 34 datasets achieve good results (standard deviation less than 4 m·s-1) when the observation by wind profile radar and sounding agree well above 250 m altitude, though they overlap less below that altitude. The sounding wind speed is observed to be much smaller than the wind profile radar data for altitudes below 250 m, which is possibly caused by the fact that sounding accelerates from stationary to consistent with environmental winds below 250 m altitude in typhoon environment, or by the disturbance in lower atmosphere of wind profile radar. Thus, ignoring the lowest 250 m altitude, the standard deviation of wind profile radar and balloon sounding decrease remarkably. This may imply that wind profile radar has high feasibility in boundary layer from 250 m altitude to the layer top under typhoon environment. In addition, data with lower validity are always located in the region which is about more than 200 km away from typhoon center, while the distribution of high validity data observation show no obvious pattern and locates from typhoon center to the outer region. There is also no significant relationship found between data validity and precipitation intensity. These may imply that wind profile radar have great potential under the condition of heavy precipitation and severe wind. The analysis of data with lower validity indicates that the distribution of humidity in typhoon and local disturbance cause uneven wind in the radar detection beam. In addition, because the coastal areas of Zhejiang and Fujian are mostly hilly terrain, the low-level circulation structure of typhoon is destroyed by terrain, which may also be one cause for the poor match of horizontal wind speed.Despite the limited data, wind profile radar shows a very hopeful potential and high validity in the observation and diagnosis of boundary layer even in severe convective weather environment such as typhoon inner core region.
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  • Fig  1.   Typhoon tracks (pentagon is the observation location of Typhoon Fung-wong(1416) and Chan-hom(1509), cross is the observation location of Lekima(1909),rhombus is the observation location of Typhoon Meranti(1614),star is the observation location of Typhoon Nepartak(1601) and Typhoon Megi(1617))

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    Fig  2.   The position of sounding relative to the observation point (polar center) at 3000 m altitude

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    Fig  3.   Comparison of horizontal wind speed between wind profile radar and sounding

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    Fig  4.   Comparison of horizontal wind speed between wind profile radar and sounding

    (blue solid line represents specific humidity after detrend)

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    Fig  5.   First intersection height between wind profile radar and sounding

    (dashed line is average height)

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    Fig  6.   Comparison of horizontal wind speed between wind profile radar and sounding

    (blue solid line represents specific humidity after detrend)

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    Fig  7.   Comparison of horizontal wind speed before and after removing data below 250 m altitude between wind profile radar and sounding

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    Fig  8.   Change of wind direction and wind speed in Typhoon Megi(1617)

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    Fig  9.   The relative position of observation point and typhoon center(a) and its dispersion distribution with distance(b)

    (polar center is observation point)

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    Fig  10.   Time series of rainfall intensity affected by different typhoon

    (dashed line represents the wind profile radar data collection time corresponding to the time when the sounding is released)

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    Fig  11.   Relationship between wind profile radar data quality and rainfall intensity

    (green, black and purple dotted lines represent light rain, moderate rain and heavy rain, respectively)
    (a)standard deviation, (b)root mean squared error

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    Table  1   Collection time of wind profile radar and sounding

    台风名称 风廓线雷达 探空 距台风中心距离/km
    凤凰(1416) 2014-09-22T01:00 2014-09-22T01:00 108.5
    2014-09-22T03:00 2014-09-22T03:00 77.4
    2014-09-22T05:00 2014-09-22T05:00 49.3
    2014-09-22T08:00 2014-09-22T08:00 33.9
    2014-09-22T11:00 2014-09-22T11:00 61.8
    2014-09-22T15:00 2014-09-22T15:00 112.8
    2014-09-22T18:00 2014-09-22T18:00 143.2
    灿鸿(1509) 2015-07-10T03:00 2015-07-10T03:00 439.4
    2015-07-10T06:00 2015-07-10T06:00 382.1
    2015-07-10T23:00 2015-07-10T23:00 128.0
    2015-07-11T03:00 2015-07-11T03:00 117.0
    2015-07-11T06:00 2015-07-11T06:00 133.6
    尼伯特(1601) 2016-07-09T00:50 2016-07-09T00:49 305.7
    2016-07-09T02:55 2016-07-09T02:55 300.0
    2016-07-09T08:15 2016-07-09T08:16 277.0
    2016-07-09T11:40 2016-07-09T11:41 292.9
    莫兰蒂(1614) 2016-09-14T23:35 2016-09-14T23:34 134.3
    2016-09-15T02:45 2016-09-15T02:46 185.4
    鲇鱼(1617) 2016-09-27T17:10 2016-09-27T17:10 297.7
    2016-09-27T20:05 2016-09-27T20:06 267.1
    2016-09-27T23:20 2016-09-27T23:19 268.0
    2016-09-28T01:55 2016-09-28T01:54 368.6
    利奇马(1909) 2019-08-09T02:30 2019-08-09T02:32 362.2
    2019-08-09T04:00 2019-08-09T04:00 348.3
    2019-08-09T07:00 2019-08-09T06:59 312.6
    2019-08-09T09:10 2019-08-09T09:12 290.5
    2019-08-09T11:20 2019-08-09T11:18 280.1
    2019-08-09T13:25 2019-08-09T13:23 259.1
    2019-08-09T16:00 2019-08-09T15:58 221.8
    2019-08-09T18:20 2019-08-09T18:22 201.8
    2019-08-09T21:35 2019-08-09T21:34 196.5
    2019-08-09T23:05 2019-08-09T23:07 195.3
    2019-08-10T03:50 2019-08-10T03:50 176.1
    2019-08-10T13:35 2019-08-10T13:36 231.9
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    • Received : 2021-01-24
    • Accepted : 2021-03-18
    • Published : 2021-05-30
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