Freezing Injury Index of Kiwifruit Branches for Main Varieties Under Simulated Low Temperature

Li Hualong; Wang Jinghong; Zhang Weimin; Bai Qinfeng; Pan Yuying; Zhang Tao; Quan Wenting; Guo Jianping

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20210509

Vol.32, NO.5, 2021

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Li Hualong, Wang Jinghong, Zhang Weimin, et al. Freezing injury index of kiwifruit branches for main varieties under simulated low temperature. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(5): 618-628. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210509.

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Li Hualong, Wang Jinghong, Zhang Weimin, et al. Freezing injury index of kiwifruit branches for main varieties under simulated low temperature. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(5): 618-628. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210509.

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Freezing Injury Index of Kiwifruit Branches for Main Varieties Under Simulated Low Temperature

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210509

1.
Shaanxi Meteorological Service Center of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Economic Crop, Xi'an 710015
2.
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

Received Date: 2021-04-06
Rev Recd Date: 2021-06-04
Publish Date: 2021-09-30

Abstract

Abstract

Low temperature freezing injury is the main meteorological disaster affecting the yield and quality of kiwifruit in China. To explore the damage mechanism of low temperature stress on kiwifruit and establish the indices of kiwifruit overwintering freezing injury, the impacts on fruit parent branches of kiwifruit are investigated by simulating natural freezing injury process with MSX-2F artificial simulated frost box system. Growth recovery method, tissue browning method, cell freezing point temperature method and cell membrane damage rate method are used to describe the characteristics of freezing injury quantitatively. By establishing the logistic analysis model of the relationship between freezing injury index and low temperature, the characteristics of freezing injury of 6 varieties are studied systematically. The results show that the response of different varieties to low temperature are significantly different. The supercooling point of Ruiyu and Hayward are lower, which are -3.4 ℃ and -3.2 ℃, respectively. The supercooling point of Xuxiang, Jinfu and Cuixiang are basically similar, which are -2.0 ℃, -1.7 ℃ and -1.7 ℃, respectively. The supercooling point of Hongyang is the highest, which is -1.4 ℃. The half-lethal temperature of buds of Hayward (-16.5 ℃) is the lowest. The half-lethal temperature of Ruiyu (-14.8 ℃), Xuxiang (-14.9 ℃) and Jinfu (-14.2 ℃) is intermediate. And the half-lethal temperature of Cuixiang (-13.4 ℃) and Hongyang (-13.8 ℃) are the highest. The differences in the degree and site of injury caused by different intensities of low temperature are significant. The freezing injury caused by -16 ℃ to -10 ℃ mainly affects the activity of the main bud of the resulting parent shoot. When the temperature is below -18 ℃, the low temperature damages the activity of main and secondary buds. And when the temperature is below -20 ℃, a large number of parent shoots are killed by low temperature injury. Among varieties, the frost resistance of Hayward is the strongest, Ruiyu, Jinfu and Xuxiang are the middle, and Cuixiang and Hongyang are the weakest. Taking the freezing injury index of the resulting parent branch bud as the main parameter, the 5-grade low temperature freezing injury index of the resulting parent branch is constructed by different varieties. Its freezing temperature ranges of level 1-5 are -11.0 ℃ to -10.5 ℃, -14.5 ℃ to -10.5 ℃, -16.5 ℃ to -12.0 ℃, -20.0 ℃ to -13.5 ℃, -20.0 ℃ to -15.0 ℃, respectively.
- kiwifruit;
- low temperature stress;
- fruit branch;
- lethal temperature;
- index of freezing damage

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References(36)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Temperature of freezing injury during overwintering for kiwifruit

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Fig. 2 The bud retention rates of kiwifruit branch under different freezing injury intensities

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Fig. 3 The bud frostbite rates of kiwifruit branch under different freezing injury intensities

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Fig. 4 The bud browning rates of kiwifruit branch under different freezing injury intensities

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Fig. 5 The bud freezing injury index of kiwifruit branch under different freezing injury intensities

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Fig. 6 The freezing injury index of kiwifruit branch under different freezing injury intensities

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Fig. 7 The cell damage rates of kiwifruit branch under different low temperature intensities

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Table 1 Morphological grading standard of freeze injury degree of kiwifruit bud base and branch

类别	冻害等级	冻害程度形态表现
芽座	0	主芽正常萌发；或未萌发但芽座海绵体正常、主芽轴正常，芽座活性未受低温影响，为正常芽
	1	主芽芽轴褐变或干枯，不能萌发出结果枝，丧失结果能力；芽座海绵体正常，副芽存活，可萌发出营养枝，为冻伤芽
	2	主芽芽轴褐变或干枯，不能萌发出结果枝，丧失结果能力；芽座海绵体褐变，副芽也丧失萌发力，不能萌发出营养枝，影响次年结果，为褐变芽
枝条	0	韧皮部鲜绿正常
	1	韧皮部大部绿色，局部褐变
	2	韧皮部大部褐变，局部存有绿色
	3	韧皮部失绿褐变

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Table 2 Temperatures of supercooling point and freezing point for different kiwifruit varieties

温度	海沃德	徐香	金福	瑞玉	翠香	红阳
过冷却点/℃	-3.2	-2.0	-1.7	-3.4	-1.7	-1.4
结冰点/℃	-1.4	-0.8	-0.7	-1.8	-0.6	-0.2
跃升值/℃	1.8	1.2	1.0	1.6	1.1	1.2

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Table 3 Logistic fitting equations between freezing injury index of kiwifruit bud base and low temperature intensity

品种	拟合方程	半致死温度/℃	拟合度
翠香	F=100/(1+2461.96e^0.75x)^*	-13.4	0.69
海沃德	F=100/(1+240.06e^0.43x)^**	-16.5	0.97
红阳	F=100/(1+9541.10e^0.85x)^*	-13.8	0.71
金福	F=100/(1+16974.71e^0.88x)^**	-14.2	0.84
瑞玉	F=100/(1+454.54e^0.53x)^*	-14.8	0.83
徐香	F=100/(1+1642.33e^0.64x)^**	-14.9	0.85
注:*表示达到0.01显著性水平，表示达到0.05显著性水平。

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Table 4 The grading indexes of low temperature freezing injury for 6 varieties of kiwifruit branch

品种	结果母枝低温冻害等级温度(T/℃)
品种	1级	2级	3级	4级	5级
翠香	T≥-10.5	-12.0 ≤T＜-10.5	-13.5≤T＜-12.0	-15.0≤T＜-13.5	T＜-15.0
海沃德	T≥-11.5	-14.5≤T＜-11.5	-16.5≤T＜-14.5	-20.0≤T＜-16.5	T＜-20.0
红阳	T≥-11.0	-13.0≤T＜-11.0	-14.0≤T＜-13.0	-15.5≤T＜-14.0	T＜-15.5
金福	T≥-11.5	-13.0≤T＜-11.5	-14.0≤T＜-13.0	-16.0≤T＜-14.0	T＜-16.0
瑞玉	T≥-10.5	-13.0≤T＜-10.5	-15.0≤T＜-13.0	-17.5≤T＜-15.0	T＜-17.5
徐香	T≥-11.5	-13.5≤T＜-11.5	-15.0≤T＜-13.5	-17.0≤T＜-15.0	T＜-17.0

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