Vol.33, NO.1, 2022
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Kong Lisha, Zhang Xiuzhi. Sensitive experiments on reconstruction model of historical typhoon wind field in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(1): 56-68. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220105.
Citation: Kong Lisha, Zhang Xiuzhi. Sensitive experiments on reconstruction model of historical typhoon wind field in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(1): 56-68. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220105.
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Sensitive Experiments on Reconstruction Model of Historical Typhoon Wind Field in the Northwest Pacific Ocean

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220105

  • National Climate Center, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2021-05-26
  • Rev Recd Date: 2021-09-18
  • Publish Date: 2022-01-19
    Abstract
  • In order to reconstruct the historical typhoon wind field in the Northwest Pacific Ocean and calculate the maximum wind speed in 50 years of the Northwest Pacific Ocean, Yan Meng wind field model is used to simulate the wind field. There are 3 important parameters for wind field simulation in Yan Meng wind field model: The radius of maximum wind, pressure distribution constant B, and roughness z0. Therefore, it is necessary to test and reasonably optimize the value of the three parameters by measured data of the buoy stations during the typhoon in the Northwest Pacific Ocean.First, based on the JTWC (Joint Typhoon Warning Center) dataset, the relationship between the radius of maximum wind and its impact factors is discussed and four combinations scheme of calculating the radius of maximum wind are proposed, and then the best combination scheme is selected through the measured data. Second, the values of B and z0 are estimated with the observed wind speed of buoy stations during different typhoons. Finally, the simulation effect of the typhoon wind field at sea is evaluated with 19 typhoon processes, and the applicability of the model and estimation scheme of three parameters are verified.The results show that it is more reasonable to find the radius of maximum wind by combination scheme of Vmax (the maximum wind speed of typhoon center) and the latitude of typhoon. In the parameter value test, the wind speed simulation effect of sea surface (buoy stations) is better given z0 being 0.005 m and B being 1.0, according to the absolute deviation between the simulated and the measured maximum wind speed at 10 buoy stations during 6 typhoons. Except for the parameter test, 19 other typhoon processes landing in northern Fujian and Zhejiang, heading north to the East China Sea, moving west to the South China Sea, and crossing Taiwan Island into the Taiwan Strait are selected to test the simulation effect, which illustrates that when the Vmax published by Central Meteorological Observatory is below 40 m·s-1, the simulated Vmax is close to the published Vmax if B is equal to 1.0 and z0 is equal to 0.005 m, and the simulated wind speed in the non-maximum wind speed region is well fitted with the observed wind speed of the buoy stations. In addition, When Vmax published is greater than or equal to 40 m·s-1, the simulated Vmax is close to the published Vmax if B is equal to 1.4 and z0 is equal to 0.005 m, and the simulated wind speed of non-maximum wind speed region is more reasonable when B is equal to 1.0 and z0 is equal to 0.005 m.
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  • Fig. 1  Distribution of buoy stations

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    Fig. 2  Relationship between factors and Rmax in the Northwest Pacific from 2001 to 2018

    (the blue top and bottom lines represent the 75th and 25th percentiles(set as U and D), respectively, the orange horizontal line represents the median, and the red triangle represents the 95th percentile, the black upper and lower horizontal lines are the upper and lower limits of data, calculated by U+1.5(U-D) and D-1.5(U-D)), the black circles represent outliers)

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 3  Comparison of simulated and observed wind speed at two buoy stations during the influence period of Typhoon Maria(1808) on 10-11 Jul 2018

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 4  The wind speed of buoy station 12 and Vmax during the influence period of Typhoon Hato(1713) on 22-23 Aug 2017

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 5  Comparison of simulated and published values of maximum wind speed

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 6  Simulation diagram of wind field at different times of Typhoon Maria(1808) on 5-11 Jul 2018

    (blue, green, yellow, white and red triangles represent buoy station 3, 4, 6, 7 and 9, respectively)

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Table  1  Grade of factors

    等级 Vmax/(m·s-1) 中心气压/hPa 纬度 台风发生月份 海温/℃
    1 (12, 17] (875, 950] (3°N, 20°N] 1，2，3，12 (15, 20]
    2 (17, 25] (950, 970] (20°N, 25°N] 4，5，11 (20, 27]
    3 (25, 30] (970, 1000] (25°N, 30°N] 6—10 (27, 32)
    4 (30, 40] (1000, 1015) (30°N, 50°N)
    5 (40, 90)
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  2  Rmax based on Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 (unit: km)

    中心气压/hPa 台风发生月份 纬度
    1，2，3，12 4，5，11 6—10 (3°N, 20°N] (20°N, 25°N] (25°N, 30°N] (30°N, 50°N)
    (875, 950] 27 29 32 29 32 37 35
    (950, 970] 32 34 38 34 36 44 38
    (970, 1000] 65 61 68 65 70 67 71
    (1000, 1015) 72 80 93 87 86 83 69
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  3  Rmax based on Scheme 3 and Scheme 4 (unit: km)

    Vmax/(m·s-1) 台风发生月份 纬度
    1，2，3，12 4，5，11 6—10 (3°N, 20°N] (20°N, 25°N] (25°N, 30°N] (30°N, 50°N)
    (12, 17] 72 78 82 79 85 80 82
    (17, 25] 66 62 70 65 69 74 78
    (25, 30] 41 43 53 45 53 57 58
    (30, 40] 37 36 41 37 41 43 42
    (40, 90) 27 30 33 29 32 41 36
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  4  v′ of buoy stations

    台风 站号标识 z0/m v′/(m·s-1)
    B=1.0 B=1.2 B=1.4 B=1.6
    天鸽(1713) 12号 0.020 3.03 5.08
    0.010 4.10
    0.005 2.54* 4.97
    0.001 3.88
    天鸽(1713) 13号 0.020 5.45 7.90 10.16
    0.010 4.17* 7.05 9.65
    0.005 5.38 8.41
    0.001 7.46 10.72
    帕卡(1714) 13号 0.020 1.78* 2.95 3.83
    0.010 2.78 4.04
    0.005 3.63 4.97
    0.001 5.08 6.57
    玛莉亚(1808) 5号 0.020 3.2 2.49 2.25
    0.010 1.65 0.82 0.49
    0.005 1.70 0.27* 0.60 0.99
    0.001 0.57 2.19 3.23
    玛莉亚(1808) 8号 0.020 5.01 7.66 10.08
    0.010 6.52 9.32 11.88
    0.005 4.55* 7.78 10.72 13.41
    0.001 6.47 9.95 13.11
    玛莉亚(1808) 10号 0.020 2.72 2.49 2.75
    0.010 1.53 1.25 1.45
    0.005 1.41 0.48 0.15* 0.34
    0.001 0.31 1.39 1.84
    米娜(1918) 4号 0.020 6.10 4.87 4.07 3.71
    0.010 5.07 3.74 2.89 2.46
    0.005 4.19 2.76 1.85
    0.001 2.68 1.08*
    巴威(2008) 1号 0.020 1.14 1.22 1.76
    0.010 0.07* 0.12 0.65
    0.005 0.32 0.86 0.84
    0.001 1.85 2.52 2.58
    巴威(2008) 2号 0.020 1.90 0.12* 1.31
    0.010 0.47 1.41 2.95
    0.005 1.63 0.76 2.73 4.38
    0.001 0.24 2.85 5.06
    美莎克(2009) 2号 0.020 5.95 6.31
    0.010 4.75 4.56 4.90
    0.005 3.59 3.38 3.69
    0.001 2.46 1.49 1.17*
    注：*表示浮标站v′同时满足规则1和规则2。
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  5  The frequency of nine combinations of values of B and z0 and the average value of v′

    B和z0取值组合 次数 v′平均值/(m·s-1)
    B=1.0，z0=0.005 m 2 2.81
    B=1.4，z0=0.001 m 1 4.50
    B=1.4，z0=0.005 m 1 2.90
    B=1.4，z0=0.020 m 1 4.08
    B=1.0，z0=0.010 m 1 4.01
    B=1.0，z0=0.020 m 1 3.94
    B=1.2，z0=0.005 m 1 3.49
    B=1.2，z0=0.001 m 1 4.31
    B=1.2，z0=0.010 m 1 3.39
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  6  Observed and simulated wind speed of buoy stations test during the influence period of Typhoon Maria(1808) from 2300 BT 10 Jul 2018 to 0900 BT 11 Jul 2018

    时间 浮标站站号标识 观测风速/(m·s-1) 模拟风速/(m·s-1)
    2018-07-10T23:00 3号 20.7 18.3
    4号 16.2 14.7
    6号 19.5 17.0
    7号 29.0 26.9
    9号 15.7 14.6
    2018-07-11T00:00 3号 22.3 20.3
    4号 17.4 16.3
    6号 19.9 19.1
    7号 32.4 32.0
    9号 12.5 15.9
    2018-07-11T01:00 3号 22.9 21.9
    4号 17.9 18.3
    6号 23.6 22.3
    7号 27.6 38.5
    9号 17.4 18.0
    2018-07-11T02:00 3号 20.6 24.4
    4号 19.1 21.3
    6号 30.6 27.0
    7号 26.3 37.0
    9号 19.2 20.1
    2018-07-11T03:00 3号 25.4 25.5
    4号 20.9 24.7
    6号 32.7 33.7
    7号 36.7 33.7
    9号 24.1 22.2
    2018-07-11T04:00 3号 24.2 23.1
    4号 27.8 26.2
    6号 27.5 39.8
    7号 34.9 27.0
    9号 27.1 26.7
    2018-07-11T05:00 3号 21.8 20.6
    4号 26.7 25.5
    6号 30.0 38.5
    7号 26.6 22.9
    9号 28.8 30.3
    2018-07-11T06:00 3号 19.2 19.5
    4号 23.1 24.9
    6号 35.7 35.3
    7号 20.6 21.3
    9号 30.1 31.2
    2018-07-11T07:00 3号 18.9 18.5
    4号 21.8 24.0
    6号 29.5 32.1
    7号 18.8 19.8
    9号 30.7 31.3
    2018-07-11T08:00 3号 16.1 17.4
    4号 15.5 23.3
    6号 22.9 28.0
    7号 18.2 17.8
    9号 25.5 28.3
    2018-07-11T09:00 3号 16.4 13.9
    4号 15.4 18.9
    6号 19.3 21.3
    7号 14.0
    9号 21.9 22.7
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2021-05-26
    • Accepted : 2021-09-18
    • Published : 2022-01-19
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