Vol.33, NO.2, 2022
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2022  >  33(2): 180-191
Wang Yitong, Wang Xiuming, Yu Xiaoding. Radar characteristics of straight-line damaging wind producing supercell storms. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2): 180-191. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220205.
Citation: Wang Yitong, Wang Xiuming, Yu Xiaoding. Radar characteristics of straight-line damaging wind producing supercell storms. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2): 180-191. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220205.
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Radar Characteristics of Straight-line Damaging Wind Producing Supercell Storms

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220205
  • 1.

    Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

  • 2.

    China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2021-12-06
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-01-21
  • Publish Date: 2022-03-31
    Abstract
  • Based on S-band Doppler weather radar data and damaging wind gust records, 56 damaging straight-line winds events from 2002 to 2020 above 25 m·s-1 caused by supercell storms are investigated. The relationship between Doppler weather radar echo characteristics and damaging straight-line winds caused by supercell storm is analyzed to obtain quantitative description of the structural characteristics. The results will be benefit for subjective and objective monitoring and warning of damaging straight-line winds produced by supercell storms. Superstorm is a highly organized strong convective storm with a long-life history, according to the statistical results, and it is possible to judge the potential of supercell storms that produce damaging gale by the Doppler weather radar echo structures. It shows that, in the supercell storm that produces damaging straight-line winds, the strong reflectivity echo above 60 dBZ is deep, and the average echo thickness of strong reflectivity is 5.5 km. The core height of the strong reflectivity of most supercell storms are above 6 km which indicate that the updraft in this kind of supercell storms can be very strong. The mid altitude radial convergence (MARC), the reflectivity core decline and rear inflow jet (RIJ) are important for warning of damaging straight-line winds features. The MARC is significant, the largest speed difference of the MARC is above 29 m·s-1 in most cases. The mesocyclone is mainly of medium intensity, the rotating speed of mesocyclone is 18.4 m·s-1 on average, which can extend up to the upper troposphere (7 km). The descending of supercell storm reflectivity core, the descending of mesocyclone core, the MARC which can exist for a long time with 29 m·s-1 largest radar radial speed difference and the decrease of vertically integrated liquid water content (VIL) value can be used as the warning indices of the damaging straight-line winds. Among them, the descending of supercell storm reflectivity core can give 15-minute precursor signal, the descending of mesocyclone core can give 8-minute precursor signal, the significant MARC can give 30-minute precursor signal, and the descending of VIL value can give 17-minute early warning signal of damaging winds. Based on narrow-band echo, the proportion that can be recognized as gust front of the supercell storm is low, and only a few damaging straight-line winds can be identified from the moving speed of storm or gust front characteristics. There are only 4 obvious low-level divergence velocity pairs identified in 56 cases, which indicate that most supercell storms produce asymmetric downburst because of horizontal movements.
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    References(37)

  • Fig. 1  Process of radar echo feature recognition

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    Fig. 2  Boxplot of thickness of 718 samples (with reflectivity fator above 60 dBZ) (a), reflectivity core decline(b) and lead time of reflectivity core decline(c) of 45 samples, maximum extension height before strong wind in 56 samples(d) in straight-line damaging wind producing supercell storms

    (the highest point is the statistical maximum, the lowest point is the statistical minimum, the box upper frame line is the 75th percentile threshold value, the lower frame line is the 25th percentile threshold value, line inside box is the median, · is the average, the same hereinafter)

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    Fig. 3  Boxplot of vertical integrated liquid water content(VIL)of 461 samples(a), reduction of VIL(b), VIL descending per volume scanning(c) and lead time of VIL decline before strong wind(d) of 18 samples in straight-line damaging wind producing supercell storms

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    Fig. 4  Boxplot of maximum rotation speed of 577 samples(a), core decline(b) and lead time of core decline(c) of 32 samples,height of maximum rotation speed of 577 samples(d) in straight-line damaging wind producing supercell storms

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    Fig. 5  Boxplot of mid altitude radial convergence strongest convergence of 401 samples(a), lead time of 47 samples(b), bottom height(c) and top height(d) of 401 samples in straight-line damaging wind producing supercell storms

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    Fig. 6  Boxplot of intensity(a), bottom height(b) and top height(c) of 253 rear inflow jet samples, core height decline of 12 rear inflow jet samples(d) in straight-line damaging wind producing supercell storms

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    Fig. 7  Boxplot of maximum storm top divergence intensity(a) and its height(b) of 462 samples, strong radial velocity intensity at low elevation(c) and its height(d) of 247 samples in straight-line damaging wind producing supercell storms

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    • Received : 2021-12-06
    • Accepted : 2022-01-21
    • Published : 2022-03-31
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