Citation: | Huang Zewen, Peng Siyue, Zhang Haoran, et al. Characteristics of raindrop size distribution at Anxi of Fujian. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2): 205-217. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220207. |
Fig. 2 Average profiles of atmospheric temperature(a), relative humidity(b), convective available energy (the cross and horizontal line denote the average and median, respectively; the upper and lower edges in box denote the 25 and 75 percentiles, respectively; the highest and the lowest denote the maximum and minimum, respectively, the same hereinafter) (c) and horizontal wind(d) observed by the radiosonde at Xiamen Site from May 2017 to May 2020
Fig. 8 Cumulative frequency f distributions of Z-R and fitted power relations for the entire samples and summer samples of stratiform and convective precipitation
(a)entire samples of stratiform precipitation, (b)entire samples of convective precipitation, (c)summer samples of stratiform precipitation, (d)summer samples of convective precipitation
[1] |
Bringi V N, Chandrasekar V, Hubbert J, et al. Raindrop size distribution in different climatic regimes from disdrometer and dual-polarized radar analysis. J Atmos Sci, 2003, 60(2): 354-365. doi: 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0354:RSDIDC>2.0.CO;2
|
[2] |
Zeng Q W, Zhang Y, Lei H C, et al. Microphysical characteristics of precipitation during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods over the South China Sea. Adv Atmos Sci, 2019, 36(10): 1103-1120. doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8225-8
|
[3] |
Li X, Zhang L. Formation mechanism and microphysics characteristics of heavy rainfall caused by northward-moving typhoons. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(1): 29-42. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220103
|
[4] |
Wu Y H, Liu L P. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution in the Tibetan Plateau and Southern China. Adv Atmos Sci, 2017, 34(6): 727-736. doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-5235-7
|
[5] |
Wen L, Zhao K, Wang M Y, et al. Seasonal variations of observed raindrop size distribution in East China. Adv Atmos Sci, 2019, 36(4): 346-362. doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-8107-5
|
[6] |
Chang Y, Guo X L. Characteristics of convective cloud and precipitation during summer time at Naqu over Tibetan Plateau. Sci Bull, 2016, 61(15): 1706-1720. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB201615011.htm
|
[7] |
Liu C Z, Zhou Y J, Gu J, et al. Characteristics of raindrop size distribution in Chengdu. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(1): 112-121. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20150112
|
[8] |
Chen B J, Yang J, Pu J P. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution in the Meiyu season observed in Eastern China. J Meteorol Soc Jpn Ser Ⅱ, 2013, 91(2): 215-227. doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2013-208
|
[9] |
Zhang A S, Hu J J, Chen S, et al. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution in the monsoon season observed in Southern China. Remote Sens, 2019, 11(4): 432. doi: 10.3390/rs11040432
|
[10] |
Li H, Yin Y, Shan Y P, et al. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution for stratiform and convective precipitation at different altitudes in Mt Huangshan. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 2018, 42(2): 268-280. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK201802003.htm
|
[11] |
Geoffroy O, Siebesma A P, Burnet F. Characteristics of the raindrop distributions in RICO shallow cumulus. Atmos Chem Phys, 2014, 14(19): 10897-10909. doi: 10.5194/acp-14-10897-2014
|
[12] |
Bao X W, Wu L G, Tang B, et al. Variable raindrop size distributions in different rainbands associated with Typhoon Fitow (2013). J Geophys Res Atmos, 2019, 124(22): 12262-12281. doi: 10.1029/2019JD030268
|
[13] |
Jin Q, Yuan Y, Liu H J, et al. Analysis of microphysical characteristics of the raindrop spectrum over the area between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River during summer. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2015, 73(4): 778-788. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXB201504013.htm
|
[14] |
Yuan Y, Zhu S C, Li A H. Characteristics of raindrop falling process at the Mount Huang. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(6): 734-740. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160610
|
[15] |
Jaffrain J, Berne A. Experimental quantification of the sampling uncertainty associated with measurements from PARSIVEL disdrometers. J Hydrometeorol, 2011, 12(3): 352-370. doi: 10.1175/2010JHM1244.1
|
[16] |
An Y Y, Jin F L, Zhang Y F, et al. Automatic identification methods of ground raindrop spectrum observation and image. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2008, 19(2): 188-193. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2008.02.008
|
[17] |
Friedrich K, Higgins S, Masters F J, et al. Articulating and stationary PARSIVEL disdrometer measurements in conditions with strong winds and heavy rainfall. J Atmos Ocean Technol, 2013, 30(9): 2063-2080. doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00254.1
|
[18] |
Yuter S E, Kingsmill D E, Nance L B, et al. Observations of precipitation size and fall speed characteristics within coexisting rain and wet snow. J Appl Meteor Climatol, 2006, 45(10): 1450-1464. doi: 10.1175/JAM2406.1
|
[19] |
Atlas D, Srivastava R C, Sekhon R S. Doppler radar characteristics of precipitation at vertical incidence. Rev Geophys, 1973, 11(1): 1-35. doi: 10.1029/RG011i001p00001
|
[20] |
Wang Y J, Zheng J F, Cheng Z G, et al. Characteristics of raindrop size distribution on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau in summer. Atmosphere, 2020, 11(6): 562. doi: 10.3390/atmos11060562
|
[21] |
Ulbrich C W. Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution. J Climate Appl Meteor, 1983, 22(10): 1764-1775. doi: 10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1764:NVITAF>2.0.CO;2
|
[22] |
Cao Q, Zhang G F. Errors in estimating raindrop size distribution parameters employing disdrometer and simulated raindrop spectra. J Appl Meteor Climatol, 2009, 48(2): 406-425. doi: 10.1175/2008JAMC2026.1
|
[23] |
Seela B K, Janapati J, Lin P L, et al. Raindrop size distribution characteristics of summer and winter season rainfall over north Taiwan. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2018, 123(20): 11602-11624. doi: 10.1029/2018JD028307
|
[24] |
Mei H X, Liang X Z, Zeng M J, et al. Raindrop size distribution characteristics of Nanjing in summer of 2015-2017. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(1): 117-128. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20200111
|
[25] |
Lee M T, Lin P L, Chang W Y, et al. Microphysical characteristics and types of precipitation for different seasons over North Taiwan. J Meteor Soc Japan, 2019, 97(4): 841-865. doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2019-048
|
[26] |
Guo X L, Fu D H, Guo X, et al. Advances in aircraft measurements of clouds and precipitation in China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 641-652. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20210601
|
[27] |
Tokay A, Peterson W A, Gatlin P, et al. Comparison of raindrop size distribution measurements by collocated disdrometers. J Atmos Ocean Technol, 2013, 30(8): 1672-1690. doi: 10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00163.1
|
[28] |
Zhai P M, Li L, Zhou B Q, et al. Progress on mechanism and prediction methods for persistent extreme precipitation in the Yangtze-Huai River Valley. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(5): 631-640. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160511
|
[29] |
Zhao C C, Zhang L J, Liang H H, et al. Microphypical characteristics of the raindrop size distribution between mountain and plain areas over Beijing in summer. Meteor Mon, 2021, 47(7): 830-842. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX202107006.htm
|
[30] |
Ji L, Chen H N, Li L, et al. Raindrop size distributions and rain characteristics observed by a PARSIVEL disdrometer in Beijing, Northern China. Remote Sens, 2019, 11(12): 1479. doi: 10.3390/rs11121479
|
[31] |
Cui C G, Dong X Q, Wang B, et al. Integrative monsoon frontal rainfall experiment (IMFRE-I): A mid-term review. Adv Atmos Sci, 2021, 38(3): 357-374. doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-0209-1
|
[32] |
Ruan Z, Li T, Jin L, et al. Influence of vertical air motion on the radar quantitative precipitation estimation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(2): 200-208. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20170207
|
[33] |
Seela B K, Janapati J, Lin P L, et al. Comparison study of summer season raindrop size distribution between Palau and Taiwan, two islands in Western Pacific. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2017, 122(21): 11787-11805. doi: 10.1002/2017JD026816
|
[34] |
Lin W, Lin C C, Li B L, et al. Rainfall intensity and raindrop spectrum for different parts in landing Typhoon Matmo. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(2): 239-248. doi: 10.11898/1001-7313.20160212
|
[35] |
Zhang G F, Vivekananda J, Brandes E A, et al. The shape-slope relation in observed Gamma raindrop size distributions: Statistical error or useful information?. J Atmos Ocean Technol, 2003, 20(8): 1106-1119. doi: 10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1106:TSRIOG>2.0.CO;2
|
[36] |
Huo Z Y, Ruan Z, Wei M, et al. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution in South China summer based on the vertical structure derived from VPR-CFMCW. Atmos Res, 2019, 222: 47-61. doi: 10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.01.022
|