Vol.33, NO.2, 2022
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2022  >  33(2): 205-217
Huang Zewen, Peng Siyue, Zhang Haoran, et al. Characteristics of raindrop size distribution at Anxi of Fujian. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2): 205-217. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220207.
Citation: Huang Zewen, Peng Siyue, Zhang Haoran, et al. Characteristics of raindrop size distribution at Anxi of Fujian. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(2): 205-217. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220207.
shu

Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distribution at Anxi of Fujian

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220207
  • 1.

    School of Atmospheric Sciences, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu 610225

  • 2.

    Fujian Meteorological Information Center, Fuzhou 350001

  • 3.

    Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350001

  • Received Date: 2021-10-12
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-01-19
  • Publish Date: 2022-03-31
    Abstract
  • Observation of raindrop size distribution (DSD) is significant for the understanding of precipitation physical processes and improvement of radar quantitative rainfall estimation. Based on DSD measurements from 2017 to 2020 collected in Anxi, Fujian Province, the DSD variation characteristics in different seasons and different rain types are analyzed. Subsequently, local empirical relation between radar reflectivity Z and rain rate R and that between Gamma shape parameter μ and slope parameter Λ are proposed. The DSDs observed in the local area are compared with counterparts obtained in other typical areas of China. The results show that DSDs in Anxi exhibit apparent seasonal variation. Generally, raindrops in summer can be the largest with the highest number concentration, while raindrops are the smallest in winter and the number concentration in spring is the lowest. With the increase of particle size, the seasonal variation of the number concentration of raindrops is similar to that in Taoyuan, Taiwan Province, China, while the number concentration of small raindrops is different. Compared with East China and North China, DSDs for summer stratiform precipitation in Anxi have higher concentration of small raindrops, while the concentrations of medium to large raindrops are similar to those in East China. For convective precipitation, the DSDs concentration is similar to that in North China for small raindrops while similar number concentration of medium raindrops to that in East China, while the number concentration of large raindrops is between that obtained in East China and North China. The Z-R relationship of summer stratiform precipitation is in good correspondence with the results obtained in Taoyuan. With the same Z, the R in East China is slightly larger than that in Anxi and Taoyuan; the Z-R relationship for convective precipitation in Anxi is also close to that in Taoyuan. When Z is not greater than 40 dBZ, the Z-R relationship in East China is very close to that in Anxi; when Z exceeds 40 dBZ, R in East China is significantly larger than that in Anxi and Taoyuan. When the slope parameter is larger than 2.5 mm-1, the relationship between the shape parameter μ and slope parameter Λ of the summer Gamma spectrum in Anxi is similar to that in Florida.
    • FullText(HTML)
    References(36)

  • Fig. 1  Statistical cumulative frequency f distribution of diameter D and falling velocity Vt for raindrops before(a) and after(b) quality control from May 2017 to May 2020

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 2  Average profiles of atmospheric temperature(a), relative humidity(b), convective available energy (the cross and horizontal line denote the average and median, respectively; the upper and lower edges in box denote the 25 and 75 percentiles, respectively; the highest and the lowest denote the maximum and minimum, respectively, the same hereinafter) (c) and horizontal wind(d) observed by the radiosonde at Xiamen Site from May 2017 to May 2020

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 3  Boxplots for integral quantities and Gamma parameters in four seasons

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 4  Average raindrop size distribution for four seasons

    (a)the entire spectra, (b)the enlarged spectra for raindrops smaller than 1.4 mm

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 5  Boxplot of the entire stratiform and convective rain spectrum samples

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 6  Probability distributions of integral quantities and Gamma parameters derived from the stratiform and convective spectra

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 7  Average rain spectra and fitted Gamma spectra for two precipitation types observed during the entire period at Anxi of Fujian(a), and comparisons of Gamma spectra among Anxi of Fujian, East China and North China for stratiform(b) and convective(c) precipitation in summer

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 8  Cumulative frequency f distributions of Z-R and fitted power relations for the entire samples and summer samples of stratiform and convective precipitation

    (a)entire samples of stratiform precipitation, (b)entire samples of convective precipitation, (c)summer samples of stratiform precipitation, (d)summer samples of convective precipitation

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 9  Scatters of μ and Λ (the gray cross) and the fitted binomial relations (the solid line) meeting the conditions of NT>1000 mm-3 and R>5 mm·h-1 at Anxi of Fujian during the entire period(a) and in summer(b)

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
  • [1]
    Bringi V N, Chandrasekar V, Hubbert J, et al. Raindrop size distribution in different climatic regimes from disdrometer and dual-polarized radar analysis. J Atmos Sci, 2003, 60(2): 354-365. doi:  10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0354:RSDIDC>2.0.CO;2
    [2]
    Zeng Q W, Zhang Y, Lei H C, et al. Microphysical characteristics of precipitation during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods over the South China Sea. Adv Atmos Sci, 2019, 36(10): 1103-1120. doi:  10.1007/s00376-019-8225-8
    [3]
    Li X, Zhang L. Formation mechanism and microphysics characteristics of heavy rainfall caused by northward-moving typhoons. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(1): 29-42. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220103
    [4]
    Wu Y H, Liu L P. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution in the Tibetan Plateau and Southern China. Adv Atmos Sci, 2017, 34(6): 727-736. doi:  10.1007/s00376-016-5235-7
    [5]
    Wen L, Zhao K, Wang M Y, et al. Seasonal variations of observed raindrop size distribution in East China. Adv Atmos Sci, 2019, 36(4): 346-362. doi:  10.1007/s00376-018-8107-5
    [6]
    Chang Y, Guo X L. Characteristics of convective cloud and precipitation during summer time at Naqu over Tibetan Plateau. Sci Bull, 2016, 61(15): 1706-1720. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KXTB201615011.htm
    [7]
    Liu C Z, Zhou Y J, Gu J, et al. Characteristics of raindrop size distribution in Chengdu. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(1): 112-121. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20150112
    [8]
    Chen B J, Yang J, Pu J P. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution in the Meiyu season observed in Eastern China. J Meteorol Soc Jpn Ser Ⅱ, 2013, 91(2): 215-227. doi:  10.2151/jmsj.2013-208
    [9]
    Zhang A S, Hu J J, Chen S, et al. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution in the monsoon season observed in Southern China. Remote Sens, 2019, 11(4): 432. doi:  10.3390/rs11040432
    [10]
    Li H, Yin Y, Shan Y P, et al. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution for stratiform and convective precipitation at different altitudes in Mt Huangshan. Chinese J Atmos Sci, 2018, 42(2): 268-280. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-DQXK201802003.htm
    [11]
    Geoffroy O, Siebesma A P, Burnet F. Characteristics of the raindrop distributions in RICO shallow cumulus. Atmos Chem Phys, 2014, 14(19): 10897-10909. doi:  10.5194/acp-14-10897-2014
    [12]
    Bao X W, Wu L G, Tang B, et al. Variable raindrop size distributions in different rainbands associated with Typhoon Fitow (2013). J Geophys Res Atmos, 2019, 124(22): 12262-12281. doi:  10.1029/2019JD030268
    [13]
    Jin Q, Yuan Y, Liu H J, et al. Analysis of microphysical characteristics of the raindrop spectrum over the area between the Yangtze River and the Huaihe River during summer. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 2015, 73(4): 778-788. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXB201504013.htm
    [14]
    Yuan Y, Zhu S C, Li A H. Characteristics of raindrop falling process at the Mount Huang. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(6): 734-740. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20160610
    [15]
    Jaffrain J, Berne A. Experimental quantification of the sampling uncertainty associated with measurements from PARSIVEL disdrometers. J Hydrometeorol, 2011, 12(3): 352-370. doi:  10.1175/2010JHM1244.1
    [16]
    An Y Y, Jin F L, Zhang Y F, et al. Automatic identification methods of ground raindrop spectrum observation and image. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2008, 19(2): 188-193. doi:  10.3969/j.issn.1001-7313.2008.02.008
    [17]
    Friedrich K, Higgins S, Masters F J, et al. Articulating and stationary PARSIVEL disdrometer measurements in conditions with strong winds and heavy rainfall. J Atmos Ocean Technol, 2013, 30(9): 2063-2080. doi:  10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00254.1
    [18]
    Yuter S E, Kingsmill D E, Nance L B, et al. Observations of precipitation size and fall speed characteristics within coexisting rain and wet snow. J Appl Meteor Climatol, 2006, 45(10): 1450-1464. doi:  10.1175/JAM2406.1
    [19]
    Atlas D, Srivastava R C, Sekhon R S. Doppler radar characteristics of precipitation at vertical incidence. Rev Geophys, 1973, 11(1): 1-35. doi:  10.1029/RG011i001p00001
    [20]
    Wang Y J, Zheng J F, Cheng Z G, et al. Characteristics of raindrop size distribution on the eastern slope of the Tibetan Plateau in summer. Atmosphere, 2020, 11(6): 562. doi:  10.3390/atmos11060562
    [21]
    Ulbrich C W. Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution. J Climate Appl Meteor, 1983, 22(10): 1764-1775. doi:  10.1175/1520-0450(1983)022<1764:NVITAF>2.0.CO;2
    [22]
    Cao Q, Zhang G F. Errors in estimating raindrop size distribution parameters employing disdrometer and simulated raindrop spectra. J Appl Meteor Climatol, 2009, 48(2): 406-425. doi:  10.1175/2008JAMC2026.1
    [23]
    Seela B K, Janapati J, Lin P L, et al. Raindrop size distribution characteristics of summer and winter season rainfall over north Taiwan. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2018, 123(20): 11602-11624. doi:  10.1029/2018JD028307
    [24]
    Mei H X, Liang X Z, Zeng M J, et al. Raindrop size distribution characteristics of Nanjing in summer of 2015-2017. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(1): 117-128. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200111
    [25]
    Lee M T, Lin P L, Chang W Y, et al. Microphysical characteristics and types of precipitation for different seasons over North Taiwan. J Meteor Soc Japan, 2019, 97(4): 841-865. doi:  10.2151/jmsj.2019-048
    [26]
    Guo X L, Fu D H, Guo X, et al. Advances in aircraft measurements of clouds and precipitation in China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2021, 32(6): 641-652. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20210601
    [27]
    Tokay A, Peterson W A, Gatlin P, et al. Comparison of raindrop size distribution measurements by collocated disdrometers. J Atmos Ocean Technol, 2013, 30(8): 1672-1690. doi:  10.1175/JTECH-D-12-00163.1
    [28]
    Zhai P M, Li L, Zhou B Q, et al. Progress on mechanism and prediction methods for persistent extreme precipitation in the Yangtze-Huai River Valley. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(5): 631-640. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20160511
    [29]
    Zhao C C, Zhang L J, Liang H H, et al. Microphypical characteristics of the raindrop size distribution between mountain and plain areas over Beijing in summer. Meteor Mon, 2021, 47(7): 830-842. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX202107006.htm
    [30]
    Ji L, Chen H N, Li L, et al. Raindrop size distributions and rain characteristics observed by a PARSIVEL disdrometer in Beijing, Northern China. Remote Sens, 2019, 11(12): 1479. doi:  10.3390/rs11121479
    [31]
    Cui C G, Dong X Q, Wang B, et al. Integrative monsoon frontal rainfall experiment (IMFRE-I): A mid-term review. Adv Atmos Sci, 2021, 38(3): 357-374. doi:  10.1007/s00376-020-0209-1
    [32]
    Ruan Z, Li T, Jin L, et al. Influence of vertical air motion on the radar quantitative precipitation estimation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2017, 28(2): 200-208. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20170207
    [33]
    Seela B K, Janapati J, Lin P L, et al. Comparison study of summer season raindrop size distribution between Palau and Taiwan, two islands in Western Pacific. J Geophys Res Atmos, 2017, 122(21): 11787-11805. doi:  10.1002/2017JD026816
    [34]
    Lin W, Lin C C, Li B L, et al. Rainfall intensity and raindrop spectrum for different parts in landing Typhoon Matmo. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(2): 239-248. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20160212
    [35]
    Zhang G F, Vivekananda J, Brandes E A, et al. The shape-slope relation in observed Gamma raindrop size distributions: Statistical error or useful information?. J Atmos Ocean Technol, 2003, 20(8): 1106-1119. doi:  10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<1106:TSRIOG>2.0.CO;2
    [36]
    Huo Z Y, Ruan Z, Wei M, et al. Statistical characteristics of raindrop size distribution in South China summer based on the vertical structure derived from VPR-CFMCW. Atmos Res, 2019, 222: 47-61. doi:  10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.01.022
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中
  • -->

Catalog

    Figures(9)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML
    Article views (2696) PDF downloads(381) Cited by()
    • Received : 2021-10-12
    • Accepted : 2022-01-19
    • Published : 2022-03-31
    Journal Online
    Contact

    © 2020 Journal of Applied Meteorological Science   京ICP备15006967号-1

    Supported by Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return