Vol.33, NO.4, 2022
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2022  >  33(4): 414-428
Diao Xiuguang, Li Fang, Wan Fujing. Comparative analysis on dual polarization features of two severe hail supercells. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(4): 414-428. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220403.
Citation: Diao Xiuguang, Li Fang, Wan Fujing. Comparative analysis on dual polarization features of two severe hail supercells. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(4): 414-428. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220403.
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Comparative Analysis on Dual Polarization Features of Two Severe Hail Supercells

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220403
  • 1.

    Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong, Jinan 250031

  • 2.

    Shandong Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 250031

  • 3.

    Jining Meteorological Bureau of Shandong, Jining 272000

  • 4.

    Qingdao Meteorological Bureau of Shandong, Qingdao 266003

  • Received Date: 2022-03-21
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-05-27
  • Publish Date: 2022-07-13
    Abstract
  • Using S-band dual-polarization weather radar data, sounding and ground meteorological observations, and disaster investigation reports, the similarity and difference of dual polarization parameters between Lixian and Zhangqiu supercells with hails above 50 mm are analyzed. Lixian supercell occurred at Lixian, Heibei Province on 25 June 2020, and Zhangqiu supercell occurred at Zhangqiu, Shandong Province on 9 July 2021. The results show that two supercells occurred in similar weather pattern (northwest flow) and large vertical wind shear environmental conditions which is conducive to the generation and maintenance of supercell storms, but Zhangqiu supercell is with stronger convective effective potential energy, larger humidity, and higher wet bulb 0℃ layer height. The main similarities include obvious differential reflectivity (ZDR) arcs along the forward flank of supercell storms, ZDR rings distributed around the updraft in the middle layer, and obvious ZDR columns and specific differential phase (KDP) columns above the 0℃ level. ZDR arcs are associated with large raindrops or small melting hail particles, ZDR columns mark the location of convective updrafts as large raindrops or wet ice particles are lofted to subfreezing temperatures, and KDP columns are dominated by large concentrations of small and medium-sized raindrops or melting ice particles. The similarity of the updraft structure plays a key role in the commonness or similarity of the polarization characteristics. The main differences are stronger reflectivity factor ZH, but lower height of ZDR column and KDP column in Lixian supercell. The strong overhang echo above the weak echo area in Lixian supercell contains large hail particles generated by cumulated growth. After the overhanging large hail particles enters the descending channel, they will produce obvious growth again and become more irregular, resulting in stronger horizontal polarization reflectivity factor ZH and smaller correlation coefficient. The obvious differential attenuation signature and nonuniform beam filling are observed in low level of Lixian supercell. The differential attenuation caused a decrease in the differential reflectivity as the beam propagates through large hail cores. Nonuniform beam filling is generated by inhomogeneous filling of different hydrometeor particles in the sampling volume. Under similar weather patterns, the distribution characteristic of humidity vertical profile is one of the key environmental factors of storm intensity. Lixian supercell storm occured in very low humidity vertical distribution environment, while Zhangqiu supercell storm occured in wetter environment.
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  • Fig. 1  Observed precipitation(the value, unit:mm) and strong wind(the barb)

    (a)from 1700 BT to 1900 BT on 25 Jun 2020, (b) from 1400 BT to 1600 BT on 9 Jul 2021

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 2  Geopotential height(the black solid line, unit:dagpm), temperature(the red dashed line, unit:℃) and wind(the barb) at 0800 BT 25 Jun 2020 and 0800 BT 9 Jul 2021

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 3  Horizontal polarization reflectivity, base velocity, differential reflectivity, specific differential phase and correlation coefficient with different elevation from Shijiazhuang radar at 1812 BT 25 Jun 2020

    (the white cycle denotes mesocyclone)

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 4  Cross-sections of horizontal polarization reflectivity, differential reflectivity, specific differential phase and correlation coefficient along 74° radial direction from Shijiazhuang radar at 1812 BT 25 Jun 2020

    (pink, red, white and blue horizontal solid lines denote heights of the wet bulb 0℃ layer, 0℃ layer, -10℃ layer and-20℃ layer, respectively)

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 5  Horizontal polarization reflectivity, base velocity, differential reflectivity, specific differential phase and correlation coefficient with different elevation from Jinan radar at 1436 BT 9 Jul 2021

    (the white cycle denotes mesocyclone, the black arrow denotes the moving direction of supercell)

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 6  Cross-sections of horizontal polarization reflectivity, differential reflectivity, specific differential phase and correlation coefficient along 90° radial direction from Jinan radar at 1436 BT 9 Jul 2021

    (pink, red, white and blue horizontal solid lines denote heights of the wet bulb 0℃ layer, 0℃ layer, -10℃ layer and-20℃ layer, respectively)

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Table  1  Environmental physical parameters obtained by sounding of Xingtai and Zhangqiu

    物理量 邢台
    2020-06-25T08:00    		 章丘
    2021-07-09T08:00
    K指数/℃ 11 30
    850 hPa和500 hPa的温差/℃ 29.6 29.3
    抬升指数/℃ -1.7 -6.3
    对流有效位能/(J·kg-1) 430(2400*) 2330(4550*)
    对流抑制能量/(J·kg-1) 470 0
    整层比湿积分/(g·kg-1) 2115 3206
    0~6 km风切变/(m·s-1) 16.4 19.5
    0~3 km风切变/(m·s-1) 10.6 16.6
    500 hPa风速/(m·s-1) 15 11
    500 hPa气温/℃ -11 -9
    注：*表示订正后的对流有效位能。
    DownLoad: Download CSV

    Table  2  Averaged values of storm parameters of supercells at Lixian and Zhangqiu

    参数 蠡县强风暴 章丘强风暴
    最大反射率因子/dBZ 77.1 65.6
    最大反射率因子所在高度/km 5.1(-5℃高度) 4.6(-3℃高度)
    风暴顶高/km 9.5(12.4*) 12.8(-47℃高度)
    基于单体的垂直积分液态水含量/(kg·m-2) 68.0 86.3
    差分反射率柱高度/km 8.0(-24℃高度) 11.4(-48℃高度)
    比差分相移柱高度/km 7.7(-22℃高度) 9.0(-32℃高度)
    最大旋转速度/(m·s-1) 19.4 20.2
    最大旋转速度所在高度/km 5.8 5.1
    风暴顶辐散强度/(m·s-1) 58.0 60.3
    注：*表示沧州雷达探测到的蠡县超级单体风暴顶高度。
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2022-03-21
    • Accepted : 2022-05-27
    • Published : 2022-07-13
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