Freezing Injury of Winter Wheat in Northern China and Delaying Sowing Date to Adapt

Song Yanling; Zhou Guangsheng; Guo Jianping; Li Yong; Pan Yaru; Fu Yan; Yang Rongguang; Bai Xiaoying; Xu Jinxia

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20220406

Vol.33, NO.4, 2022

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2022 > 33(4): 454-465

Song Yanling, Zhou Guangsheng, Guo Jianping, et al. Freezing injury of winter wheat in northern China and delaying sowing date to adapt. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(4): 454-465. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220406.

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Song Yanling, Zhou Guangsheng, Guo Jianping, et al. Freezing injury of winter wheat in northern China and delaying sowing date to adapt. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(4): 454-465. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220406.

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Freezing Injury of Winter Wheat in Northern China and Delaying Sowing Date to Adapt

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220406

Song Yanling^{1, 2
,
,},
Zhou Guangsheng^{1, 2},
Guo Jianping^{1, 2},
Li Yong³,
Pan Yaru¹,
Fu Yan⁴,
Yang Rongguang⁵,
Bai Xiaoying⁶,
Xu Jinxia⁷

1.
State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
CMA-CAU Jointly Laboratory of Agriculture Addressing Climate Change, Beijing 100081
3.
Guizhou Meteorological Bureau, Guiyang 550002
4.
Center of International Cooperation Service, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125
5.
Taian Meteorological Bureau of Shandong, Taian 271001
6.
Xianyang Meteorological Bureau of Shaanxi, Xianyang 712034
7.
Sichuan Meteorological Bureau, Chengdu 610072

Received Date: 2022-04-19
Rev Recd Date: 2022-05-25
Publish Date: 2022-07-13

Abstract

Abstract

Under the background of global warming, whether freezing injury is still the main meteorological disaster in northern winter wheat growing region of China becomes uncertain, and whether delaying sowing date is an effective measurement to adapt to climate change becomes an urgent scientific problem to solve. It is found that the correlation coefficient between winter freezing injury index and winter wheat yield reduction rate is 0.62 in the northern winter wheat region from 1981 to 2000, which indicates that winter freezing injury is one of the main disasters before the year of 2000. However, this correlation becomes very low after the year of 2000, indicating that winter freezing injury is no longer the main factor for yield reduction of winter wheat. Experiments are carried out at Taian and Xianyang stations, showing that the accumulated temperature before winter and the accumulated temperature of the whole growth season of winter wheat are significantly reduced. The plant height, total aboveground dry weight and leaf area index will decrease when sowing date of winter wheat is delayed for 10 days and 20 days. Furthermore, the delay of sowing date has an adverse impact on the yield structure, the effective panicles and grains per panicle are decreased by 5% and 10.2% respectively when the sowing date of winter wheat is delayed for 10 days from 2018 to 2021 at Taian Station, and they are decreased by 17.2% and 11.9% respectively when the sowing date is delayed for 10 days at Xianyang Station. Overall, the average yield of winter wheat is reduced by 22% and 40% when sowing dates are delayed for 10 days and 20 days respectively, which indicates that the delayed sowing date of winter wheat have no positive effects. The possible cause is that the local winter wheat varieties have changed at Xianyang and Taian, and farmers have appropriately adjusted the sowing date according to experience. The current winter wheat sowing date and the main winter wheat varieties have adapted to local climate change.
- winter wheat region of northern China;
- freezing injury;
- measurements to adapt to climate change;
- yield

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Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Location of agro-meteorological stations over winter wheat in northern China

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Fig. 2 Average annual minimum temperature, average minimum temperature of growing season and accumulated temperature of winter wheat in northern China from 1961 to 2021

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Fig. 3 The correlation between freezing injury index and yield reduction during 1981-2000(a) and 2001-2021(b) over northern winter wheat region

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Fig. 4 The correlation between freezing injury index and yield reduction during 1981-2000(a) and 2001-2021(b) over southern winter wheat region

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Fig. 5 Accumulated temperature before winter for normal sowing date, sowing date delaying for 10 days and sowing date delaying for 20 days at Xianyang and Taian stations from 2018 to 2021

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Fig. 6 Accumulated temperature of growing season for normal sowing date, sowing date delaying for 10 days and sowing date delaying for 20 days at Xianyang and Taian stations from 2018 to 2021

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Fig. 7 Winter wheat height during mature for normal sowing date, sowing date delaying for 10 days and sowing date delaying for 20 days at Xianyang and Taian stations from 2018 to 2021

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Fig. 8 Yield for normal sowing date, sowing date delaying for 10 days and sowing date delaying for 20 days at Xianyang and Taian stations from 2018 to 2021

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Table 1 Accumulated temperature and yield of winter wheat for nornal sowing date and sowing date delaying for 10 days and 20 days at Xianyang Station from 2018 to 2021

参量	推迟日数/d	2018年	2019年	2020年	2021年	2018—2021年平均
冬前积温/(℃·d)	0	448.2	504.1	531.9	440.4	494.7
	10	312.0	366.2	397.0	311.3	358.4
	20	196.4	225.5	254.8	196.6	225.6
生长季积温/(℃·d)	0	2136.1	2017.3	2087.2	2157.6	2080.2
	10	2019.3	1904.0	1970.3	2028.5	1964.5
	20	1881.8	1760.4	1802.5	1913.8	1814.9
有效穗数/m^-2	0	565.0	920.0	463.3	481.7	607.5
	10	453.3	723.3	375.0	460.0	502.9
	20	401.7	435.0	378.3	425.0	410.0
穗粒数	0	22.7	15.6	33.6	31.9	26.0
	10	28.6	14.1	18.6	30.4	22.9
	20	28.6	8.8	16.7	23.4	19.4
千粒重/g	0	39.3	38.3	48.6	46.6	43.2
	10	36.4	37.2	38.5	43.6	38.9
	20	31.5	34.1	33.6	43.9	35.8

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Table 2 Accumulated temperature and yield of winter wheat for nornal sowing date and sowing date delaying for 10 days and 20 days at Taian Station from 2018 to 2021

参量	推迟日数/d	2018年	2019年	2020年	2021年	2018—2021年平均
冬前积温/(℃·d)	0	505.2	528.1	611.9	538.7	546.0
	10	368.1	407.4	467.5	404.5	411.9
	20	249.9	282.5	336.6	282.5	287.9
生长季积温/(℃·d)	0	2143.7	2085.1	2102	2060.9	2097.9
	10	2006.6	1964.4	1979.5	1970	1980.1
	20	1888.4	1839.5	1873.8	1848	1862.4
有效穗数/m^-2	0	685.0	625.0	700.0	595.0	651.3
	10	700.0	525.0	725.0	525.0	618.8
	20	590.0	395.0	600.0	465.0	512.5
穗粒数	0	34.0	35.1	40.0	50.4	39.9
	10	32.0	35.6	30.7	44.9	35.8
	20	32.0	34.8	40.0	33.4	35.1
千粒重/g	0	46.0	38.5	36.9	37.2	39.7
	10	42.3	38.6	40.5	36.2	39.4
	20	45.5	41.8	45.0	28.1	40.1

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