Vol.33, NO.4, 2022
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2022  >  33(4): 477-488
Qin Hao, Zheng Fengqin, Wu Liquan. The interaction between intensity and rainfall of Typhoon Rammasun(1409). J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(4): 477-488. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220408.
Citation: Qin Hao, Zheng Fengqin, Wu Liquan. The interaction between intensity and rainfall of Typhoon Rammasun(1409). J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(4): 477-488. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220408.
shu

The Interaction Between Intensity and Rainfall of Typhoon Rammasun(1409)

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220408
  • 1.

    Guangxi Meteorological Observatory, Nanning 530022

  • 2.

    Guangxi Climate Center, Nanning 530022

  • 3.

    Guangxi Meteorological Disaster Prevention Technology Center, Nanning 530022

  • Received Date: 2022-02-23
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-04-11
  • Publish Date: 2022-07-13
    Abstract
  • Based on the methods of Fourier decomposition, correlation analysis and Liang-Kleeman information flow, the interaction between intensity and rainfall of Typhoon Rammasun (1409) is studied using the best track data of Shanghai Typhoon Institute (STI) of China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) satellite 3B42 rainfall estimation data of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and ERA5 reanalysis data of European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with 0.25°×0.25° grids. The results show that the rainfall of Typhoon Rammasun (1409) has obvious characteristics of asymmetry, and it is mainly located in the west side of the typhoon center. The rainfall of Typhoon Rammasun (1409) increases significantly twice during the whole life cycle, which corresponds to the intensification period. The information flow analysis shows that the rainfall of Typhoon Rammasun (1409) is affected by the intensity of typhoon itself, whereas the rainfall can also feedback on the latter. Compared with the influence of typhoon intensity on rainfall, the information flow from rainfall to typhoon intensity decreases by nearly an order of magnitude, indicating that the typhoon intensity plays a dominant role in the interaction relationship. The possible mechanism by which the typhoon intensity affects rainfall are analyzed by diagnosing the water vapor and dynamic conditions respectively. In terms of water vapor conditions, the convergence area of vertical integral of moisture flux corresponds well to the rainfall. The intensification (reduction) of Typhoon Rammasun (1409) partly results in the enhanced convergence (divergence) of vertical integral of moisture flux in the southwest of the typhoon center, which brings more (less) rainfall in this region. In addition, the South China Sea and the Western Pacific water vapor transport channel have obvious response to the changes of Typhoon Rammasun (1409) intensity. In terms of dynamic conditions, the strong center of vertical helicity in the middle and lower layers is mainly located in the west side of the typhoon center, indicating the rainfall area. The intensification (reduction) of Typhoon Rammasun (1409) leads to the increase (decrease) of absolute vertical helicity on the west side of the typhoon center, thus promotes (inhibits) the development of upward movement to a certain extent, resulting in more (less) water vapor condensation and rainfall.
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  • Fig. 1  The best track (the solid line) of Typhoon Rammasun and accumulated precipitation (the shaded) from 0000 UTC 10 Jul to 1800 UTC 19 Jul in 2014

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    Fig. 2  Radius-time cross-sections of azimuthally averaged precipitation rate(a) and wavenumber 1 precipitation rate(b) from 0000 UTC 11 Jul to 1800 UTC 19 Jul in 2014

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    Fig. 3  Rain rate near the typhoon center

    (a)1200 UTC 14 Jul 2014,(b)1200 UTC 15 Jul 2014,(c)1800 UTC 18 Jul 2014

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    Fig. 4  Information flows (the shaded) from typhoon intensity to precipitation rate(a) and from precipitation rate to typhoon intensity(b)

    (dotted areas denote passing the test of 0.05 level;the contour denotes the averaged rain rate, unit:mm·h-1)

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    Fig. 5  Averaged moisture flux divergence of vertical integral near the typhoon center

    (a)from 0600 UTC to 1200 UTC on 14 Jul 2014,(b)from 0600 UTC to 1200 UTC on 15 Jul 2014, (c)from 1200 UTC to 1800 UTC on 18 Jul 2014

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    Fig. 6  Information flows (the shaded) from typhoon intensity to moisture flux divergence of vertical integral(a) and from typhoon intensity to latent energy of vertical integral(b)(dotted areas denote passing the test of 0.05 level, the contour in Fig. 6a denotes the averaged moisture flux diveragence of vertical integral, unit:g·m-2·s-1; the contour in Fig. 6b denotes the averaged latent energy of vertical integral, unit:J·m-2)

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    Fig. 7  Moisture flux of vertical integral (the arrow) and its value (the shaded) at 1200 UTC 15 Jul 2014(a) and 1200 UTC 18 Jul 2014(b) with information flow from typhoon intensity to precipitation rate (dotted areas denote passing the test of 0.05 level) (c)

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    Fig. 8  Information flow from typhoon intensity to 700 hPa vertical helicity (the shaded)

    (the contour denotes the averaged 700 hPa vertical helicity, unit:10-3 Pa·s-2)

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
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    • Received : 2022-02-23
    • Accepted : 2022-04-11
    • Published : 2022-07-13
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