Environmental Conditions and Cloud Macro and Micro Features of "21·7" Extreme Heavy Rainfall in Henan Province

Gao Yang; Cai Miao; Cao Zhiqiang; Tian Lin; Wang Xi

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20220604

Vol.33, NO.6, 2022

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Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2022 > 33(6): 682-695

Gao Yang, Cai Miao, Cao Zhiqiang, et al. Environmental conditions and cloud macro and micro features of “21·7” extreme heavy rainfall in Henan Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(6): 682-695. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220604.

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Environmental Conditions and Cloud Macro and Micro Features of "21·7" Extreme Heavy Rainfall in Henan Province

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20220604

Gao Yang^{1, 2, 3},
Cai Miao^{4
,
,},
Cao Zhiqiang^{1, 2, 3},
Tian Lin^{1, 2, 3},
Wang Xi^{1, 2, 3}

1.
National Satellite Meteorological Center/National Center for Space Weather, Beijing 100081
2.
Innovation Center for Fengyun Meteorological Satellite, Beijing 100081
3.
Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081
4.
CMA Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Weather Modification Key Laboratory, Beijing 100081

Received Date: 2022-07-17
Rev Recd Date: 2022-10-20

Available Online: 2022-11-21

Publish Date: 2022-11-17

Abstract

Abstract

Meteorological satellites can provide more details of cloud, which can be used to analyze the development process of convective cloud in the rainstorm events. To investigate the "21·7" extreme heavy rainfall in Henan Province, satellite cloud image characteristics, the development and evolution process of precipitation clouds, macro structure and microphysical features are deeply analyzed by FY-4A satellite data, FY-3D satellite data, and ERA5 reanalysis data. Particularly, FY-4A satellite data are used to study the cloud microphysical features of this event for the first time. The boundary position and intensity of the water vapor dark area of continental high are relatively stable from 18 July to 22 July in 2021, and the subtropical high continues to extend westward. The stable saddle field is conductive to the long-term development and maintenance of the low vortex cloud system over Henan Province. Two streams of water vapor locate at the north central part of Henan Province, which is favorable for the occurrence of rainstorm at Zhengzhou on 20 July. The reorganization and adjustment of the convective system are due to the consolidation and development of several convective clouds over Henan Province on 20 July. From 1400 BT to 1600 BT, the boundary of cold cloud is over Zhengzhou, where the brightness temperature gradient value is large, indicating that the convection is in its development stage. Furthermore, the cloud optical thickness increases from 1200 BT to 1400 BT, and still maintains a large value at 1500 BT. It indicates that this period is critical for a large number of liquid particles to merge. The time when the cloud optical thickness reaches peak value is prior to that of the precipitation. The increasing trend and value of cloud optical thickness have great significance for the magnitude and occurrence time of heavy rainfall. The relations between cloud top temperature and particle effective radius(T-r_e relations) are analyzed by FY-4A data. The results show that the rain zone over Henan Province is the deepest at 1600 BT 20 July, and the effective radius of cloud particles at different heights maintain at 20-25 μm. It indicates that the updraft in the cloud is strong, which is conductive to the occurrence of heavy rainfall.
- extreme heavy rainfall;
- FY-4A;
- macro structure;
- cloud microphysical feature

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References(46)

Figures and Tables

图 1 2021年7月18—23日累积降水量分布

Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of precipitation from 18 Jul to 23 Jul in 2021

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图 2 2021年7月20—21日FY-4A水汽通道亮温(灰度)和ERA5 500 hPa位势高度(蓝色等值线，单位：dagpm)

Fig. 2 Brightness temperature(the grey) of FY-4A water vapor channel and ERA5 500 hPa height(the blue contour, unit:dagpm) from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2021

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图 3 2021年7月20—21日FY-3D 850 hPa日平均比湿(填色)及ERA5 850 hPa风场(矢量)分布

Fig. 3 Spatial distribution of daily specific humidity of FY-3D(the shaded) and ERA5 850 hPa wind(the vector) from 20 Jul to 21 Jul in 2021

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图 4 2021年7月20日13:00—20:00 FY-4A长波红外通道亮温

(郑州站以黑色圆点标出, 红色实线为亮温-52℃等值线)

Fig. 4 Brightness temperature of FY-4A long wave infrared channel from 1300 BT to 2000 BT 20 Jul in 2021

(the black dot denotes Zhengzhou Station, the red line denotes -52℃)

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图 5 2021年7月20日08:00—21日08:00 FY-4A云宏观特征和郑州站逐小时降水量

(a)云顶高度和降水量，(b)长波红外通道亮温和降水量

Fig. 5 FY-4A cloud macro characteristics and hourly precipitation of Zhengzhou from 0800 BT 20 Jul to 0800 BT 21 Jul in 2021

(a)cloud top height and precipitation, (b)brightness temperature of long wave infrared channel and precipitation

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图 6 2021年7月20日08:00—21日08:00 FY-4A云微物理特征和郑州站逐小时降水量特征

(a)云粒子有效半径和降水量，(b)云光学厚度和降水量

Fig. 6 FY-4A cloud microphysical characteristics and hourly precipitation of Zhengzhou Station from 0800 BT 20 Jul to 0800 BT 21 Jul in 2021

(a)cloud droplet effective radius and precipitation, (b)cloud optical thickness and precipitation

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图 7 2018—2021年夏季河南省FY-4A云光学厚度与其后1 h累积降水量箱线图

(方框的上边界和下边界分别表示总样本75%和25%比例的数值，方框中实线代表总样本的中位数的数值，上下虚线端点分别表示占总样本90%和10%比例的数值)

Fig. 7 Box-plot of FY-4A cloud optical thickness for 1 h rainfall(unit:mm) in Henan in summer of 2018-2021

(the upper and lower boundaries of the box denote 75 and 25 percentiles;the median is denoted by the horizontal line inside the box;90 and 10 percentiles of values are denoted by the top and bottom ends of the whiskers, respectively)

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图 8 2021年7月20日FY-4A云顶温度

(标有数字的黑色方框为T-r_e图云微物理特征分析所选的代表区域)

Fig. 8 FY-4A cloud top temperature on 20 Jul 2021

(black boxes with numbers denote the typical cloud areas for T-r_e analysis)

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图 9 图 8中所选区域对流云团对应的T-r_e图

(灰色曲线为样本量，对应上横坐标值；不同颜色的曲线表示不同比例有效样本量下r_e随T变化) (a)区域1, 10:00，(b)区域2, 12:00，(c)区域3, 14:00，(d)区域4，16:00

Fig. 9 Temperature and cloud droplet effective radius for the convective cloud clusters in the selected zone marked in Fig.8

(the grey line denotes the number of samples, corresponding to the upper x-axis;curves with different colors denote variations of r_e with T under different proportion of samples) (a)zone 1, 1000 BT, (b)zone 2, 1200 BT, (c)zone 3, 1400 BT, (d)zone 4, 1600 BT

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