Vol.34, NO.1, 2023
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2023  >  34(1): 65-77
Sun Yue, Ren Gang, Sun Hongping, et al. Features of phased-array dual polarization radar observation during an anti-aircraft gun hail suppression operation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(1): 65-77. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20230106.
Citation: Sun Yue, Ren Gang, Sun Hongping, et al. Features of phased-array dual polarization radar observation during an anti-aircraft gun hail suppression operation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(1): 65-77. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20230106.
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Features of Phased-array Dual Polarization Radar Observation During an Anti-aircraft Gun Hail Suppression Operation

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230106
  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation and Severe Storms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

  • 2.

    Shanxi Artificial Precipitation Enhancement and Lightning Protection Technical Center, Taiyuan 030032

  • 3.

    Xixian Meteorological Bureau of Shanxi Province, Linfen 041399

  • Received Date: 2022-08-08
  • Rev Recd Date: 2022-11-01
  • Publish Date: 2023-01-31
    Abstract
  • Phased-array dual polarization weather radar has the capability on high spatial-temporal resolution detection and microphysical analysis, and it is deemed a new approach of strong convection monitoring and research. If applied in hail suppression operation, it is expected to improve the ability of operation command and effect evaluation. Hence, a case study is carried out on a hail suppression operation by anti-aircraft gun in Xi County, Linfen City, Shanxi Province on 28 June 2021. A phased array dual polarization weather radar is used, which outputs a volume scan data every minute consisting of 21 elevation levels. The radial resolution is 30 m, and the elevation resolution is 1.8°. Based on such high spatial-temporal resolution observations, the phenomenon and mechanisms of the severe convective cell before and after operation are analyzed, including the time series of reflectivity top height and the dynamic and microphysics features in the RHI(range height indicator) profiles. The top height of 55 dBZ reflectivity declines rapidly within 1 min after hail suppression operation, steeping down 2 km to below 0℃ height and maintains. After that, the top height of reflectivity has a short recovery due to the effect of cells merging, but then gradually decreases. 1 min after the operation, the vertical structure of high horizontal reflectivity (ZH) is fractured near 0℃ layer. The parameter of radial velocity divergence (RVD) is proposed to diagnose the vertical airflow structure, showing that the convergence areas in the front and rear of the cell weaken or disappear. The differential reflectivity (ZDR) increases near ground, and the specific phase shift (KDP) increases in the middle and low layers. The ZDR column disappears. There is a column of co-polar correlation coefficient (CC) with the value 0.94-0.96 from the near ground level to 0℃ layer. The small area of the supercooled water in the upper part of the cell core disappears. Below 0℃ layer, the mixed columnar distribution of rain and hail, graupel, wet snow and various rain changes to heavy rain in the low-level. Therefore, these short-term and obvious changes can support the theories of hail suppression by explosion.
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  • Fig. 1  Location of X-band phased-array dual polarization radar in Xi County and topography (the shaded)

    (blue circle denotes its detection area, the shaded denotes terrain)

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    Fig. 2  Composite reflectivity factor change of X-band phased-array dual polarization radar in Xi County on 28 Jun 2021

    (black V shaped solid lines denote the range of shooting azimuth, black dashed line denotes 162° azimuth of the radar, A-E denote cells, & denotes the merging of cells)

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    Fig. 3  Composite reflectivity and ZH at low elevations for Linfen C-band operational weather radar at 1901 BT 28 Jun 2021

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    Fig. 4  Time series of reflectivity top height with different ZH thresholds within the moving range of cell A detected by X-band phased-array dual polarization radar in Xi County on 28 Jun 2021

    (statistical area is the range of radar azimuth between 135° and 180°, black dashed line denotes 0℃ height)

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    Fig. 5  ZH in RHI of cell A 1 min before and after the hail suppression detected by X-band phased-array dual polarization radar in Xi County on 28 Jun 2021

    (black dashed line denotes 0℃ height)

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    Fig. 6  VR and RVD in RHI of cell A 1 min before and after the hail suppression detected by X-band phased-array dual polarization radar in Xi County on 28 Jun 2021

    (black dashed line denotes 0℃ height)

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    Fig. 7  Polarimetric variables and hydrometeor classification in RHI of cell A 1 min before and after the hail suppression detected by X-band phased-array dual polarization radar in Xi County on 28 Jun 2021

    (black dashed line denotes 0℃ height)

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    Table  1  Basic performance parameters of X-band phased array dual polarization radar in Xi County

    参数 性能指标
    雷达体制 有源相控阵
    工作体制 双极化一维电子扫描
    工作频率范围 9.3~9.5 GHz
    峰值发射功率 400 W
    天线增益 36 dB
    最快扫描时间 45 s
    距离分辨率 小于30 m
    定量探测距离 大于60 km
    最大波束数 1
    扫描仰角 0°~60°
    天线最大旁瓣 不大于-23 dB
    最小波束宽度 1.8°
    交叉极化隔离度 不小于30 dB
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    • Received : 2022-08-08
    • Accepted : 2022-11-01
    • Published : 2023-01-31
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