Performance of Domestically Made Surface Solar Radiation Observation System at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica

Zheng Xiangdong; Zhao Yong

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20230308

Vol.34, NO.3, 2023

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Zheng Xiangdong, Zhao Yong. Performance of domestically made surface solar radiation observation system at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(3): 348-361. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230308.

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Zheng Xiangdong, Zhao Yong. Performance of domestically made surface solar radiation observation system at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(3): 348-361. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230308.

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Performance of Domestically Made Surface Solar Radiation Observation System at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230308

Zheng Xiangdong^{1
,
,},
Zhao Yong²

1.
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
Taishan Meteorological Station of Shandong Province, Taian 271000

Received Date: 2022-12-09
Rev Recd Date: 2023-03-27
Publish Date: 2023-05-31

Abstract

Abstract

Solar irradiance is one important element in conventional meteorology observations. Long-term observations of solar radiation by using China-made wide-band pyranometers have been carried out. However, the performance of instrumental systems is not sufficiently evaluated or analyzed, especially in the polar regions where harsh condition and large seasonal variations of solar elevation causes dramatic variation of surface solar irradiance. To fill this gap, the performance of the domestically made solar radiation observation systems at Zhongshan Station, Antarctica in 2017, including global solar radiation (GSR), direct solar radiation (DIR) and the diffuse solar radiation (DIF) measurements, is evaluated. The averaged nighttime thermal offsets of two domestic FS-6A pyranometers, respectively for GSR and DIF observations, are both less than 3 W·m^-2, and their temporal variations are highly consistent. Compared with CM21 or CM22 pyranometer that reach the requirement of the second-class standard and are globally deployed, the additional heating effect of the auxiliary ventilation heater of FS-6A pyranometers significantly reduces the inherently physically-based correlation coefficient between the night thermal offset and the net longwave radiation, and the absolute values of FS-6A thermal offset significantly increase but are within 5 W·m^-2 under higher wind speeds (noless than 15 m·s^-1). The temporal variations of solar DIF irradiances from two FS-6A pyranometers are highly consistent under cloudy overcast condition, and their solar irradiance values are systemically lower (about -6 W·m^-2 or -1%) than that of CM22 as the solar DIF irradiance is about 500 W·m^-2 from CM22. However, the absolute (relative) difference is respectively lower than 2.6 W·m^-2 (4.0%) as the solar zenith angle (θ) is less than 86 °. The GSR close examination suggests that the ratio of FS-6A GSR absolute difference from the sum of horizontally projected DIR and DIF meeting the requirement of threshold value (less than 2% or 15 W·m^-2 with θ≤ 80°) proposed by the baseline surface radiation network (BSRN) is more than 80%. But only 44% samples meet the requirement of the BSRN threshold value (less than 3.5% or 20 W·m^-2 with θ> 80°) when the four-quadrant tracking solar disk model is applied in operation. Under cloud-free condition, the measurements of GSR, DIR and DIF from the domestically made instruments are well comparable with the simulations from the parameterized solar radiation model that has been extensively applied in middle-low latitudes, and the correlation coefficients between the simulations and observations are more than 0.95. However, the observations are significantly higher than the simulations as the solar irradiance increases. The results suggest that China domestically made solar radiation observation system is fully qualified for the routine observation in polar regions.
- FS-6A pyranometer;
- nighttime thermal offset;
- global solar radiation;
- consistence of global solar radiation measurements;
- Zhongshan Station, Antarctica

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References(42)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Hourly night-time thermal offset in pyranometers for GSR observations by FS-6A, CM21 and CM22, and for DIF observations by FS-6A in 2017

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Fig. 2 Relationship between hourly night-time thermal offset and the net longwave radiation for GSR observations by FS-6A, CM21 and CM22, and for DIF observations by FS-6A

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Fig. 3 Relationship between hourly night-time thermal offset and wind speed for GSR observations by FS-6A, CM21 and CM22, and for DIF observations by FS-6A

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Fig. 4 Comparison of the 20-minute average GSR measured by FS-6A with those by CM21(a) and CM22(b) under all weather conditions

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Fig. 5 Hourly irradiance from the pyranometers of FS-6A GSR, FS-6A DIF and CM21 GSR observations compared with those by CM22 under cloudy overcast condition

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Fig. 6 Consistence of measured GSR irradiances

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Fig. 7 Comparisons of hourly GSR, DIR and DIF between observations and model simulations under cloud-free condition

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Table 1 Main specifications of pyranometers deployed at Zhongshan Station and those meet ISO9060 standards

性能	FS-6A^**	CM21	CM22	ISO9060(二等标准表)	ISO9060(一级日射表)
优化测量的光谱范围/nm	280~3200	310~2800	200~3600
热偏移热辐射 (净热辐射200 W·m^-2)/(W·m^-2)	<15	<15	<3	<7	<15
余弦效应/(W·m^-2)^*	±20	±10	±5	±10	±30
95%响应时间/s	18	5	5	<10	<30
辐照度测量范围/(W·m^-2)	0~1400	0~4000	0~4000
小时测量误差/%		2	2	3	8
日测值误差/%	±5	2	2	2	5
注：表示法线方向入射辐照度为1000 W·m^-2的光束从入射角到80°时的任何方向测量时引起的误差范围, *表示该仪器由厂家标定，其余仪器一般由国家级气象计量站定期标定。

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Table 2 The mean of absolute bias and relative bias of GSR and DIF between FS-6A and CM22 under cloudy overcast condition

统计量	θ＜80°		80°≤θ≤86°
统计量	GSR	DIF	GSR	DIF
小时平均绝对差值/(W·m^-2)	1.7±1.3	2.6±1.6	0.6±0.7	0.7±0.6
小时平均相对差值/%	1.1 ±0.7	1.8±0.7	3.5±4.4	3.8±4.7
日平均绝对差值/(W·m^-2)	1.7±1.4	2.5±1.6	0.6±0.5	0.7±0.6
日平均相对差值/%	1.1±1.0	2.6±1.9	3.3±4.8	3.7±4.7
月平均绝对差值/(W·m^-2)	1.5±0.7	2.3±1.2	0.5±0.2	0.7±0.2
月平均相对差值/%	0.9±0.3	1.4±0.6	2.2±1.3	2.7±1.4
注：所有数值均为绝对差值的平均值±1个标准差。

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