Vol.34, NO.4, 2023
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2023  >  34(4): 385-399
Chyi Dorina, He Lifu. Stage characteristics and mechanisms of extreme high temperature in China in summer of 2022. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(4): 385-399. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20230401.
Citation: Chyi Dorina, He Lifu. Stage characteristics and mechanisms of extreme high temperature in China in summer of 2022. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(4): 385-399. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20230401.
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Stage Characteristics and Mechanisms of Extreme High Temperature in China in Summer of 2022

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230401
  • 1.

    China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081

  • 2.

    National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2023-04-28
  • Rev Recd Date: 2023-06-16
  • Publish Date: 2023-07-31
    Abstract
  • Stage characteristics and thermodynamic mechanisms of the extreme high temperature in China in summer of 2022 are analyzed with conventional observations, automatic weather station observations and the fifth-generation European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) atmospheric reanalysis data (ERA5). It shows that the extreme high temperature process has two different stages. In June, high temperature areas are concentrated in North China and Huanghuai Region. From July to August the high temperature weather remains stable in Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. The influence area, intensity and duration of the high temperature from July to August are significantly stronger than those in June. Two stages of extreme high temperature occur in the anomalous circulation background. The South Asian high controls the upper troposphere with significant positive anomaly. Dominant systems are the strong development of high pressure ridge in North China and the stable maintenance of the evidently strong high-pressure dam in subtropical regions. The sustained dispersion of Rossby wave energy from upstream to North China and the weakening of transient weather disturbances are main causes for the enhancement and stability maintenance of the North China high pressure ridge. The strong convection in tropical regions, the enhancement of atmospheric heat sources on the southern side of the Northwest Pacific subtropical high, the strong updraft near the intertropical convergence zone and sinking in subtropical high ridge line near 30°N are conducive to the westward extension, strengthening, and stable maintenance of the Northwest Pacific subtropical high. The thermodynamic diagnostic analysis shows that the strong warm advection in the lower troposphere and the diabatic heating anomaly in the boundary layer above than the climatology is the main cause of the high temperature in North China and Huanghuai Region, and the maintenance of high temperature mainly relies on the contribution of strong diabatic heating. The formation of the extreme high temperature in Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River is caused by subsidence warming anomaly which is in the low troposphere and stronger than the climatology. The second stage of the high temperature is also affected by the diabatic heating anomaly in the boundary layer. Besides the diabatic heating, the contribution of adiabatic heating (subsidence warming) term in the extremely strong South Asian high control region cannot be ignored.
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    References(40)

  • Fig. 1  Distributions of daily maximum temperature and high temperature days from 1 Jun to 31 Aug in 2022

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    Fig. 2  Distributions of daily maximum temperature anomaly from 1 Jun to 31 Aug in 2022 (black boxes denote high temperature critical regions)

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    Fig. 3  Station number with high temperature and daily maximum temperature from 1 Jun to 31 Aug in 2022

    (a)station number with high temperature (gray bars) and the area-mean daily maximum temperature (the red line) in North China and Huanghuai Region, (b)station number with high temperature (gray bars) and the area-mean daily maximum temperature (the red line) in Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, (c)daily maximum temperature from 17 Jun to 26 Jun in 2022 (the black box denotes high temperature critical region in North China and Huanghuai Region), (d)daily maximum temperature from 10 Jul to 25 Aug in 2022 (the black box denotes high temperature critical region in Sichuan Basin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River)

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    Fig. 4  Circulations in summer of 2022 (black boxes denote high temperature critical regions)

    (a)geopotential height (the contour, unit:dagpm)(the red line denotes 1675 dagpm in stage 1, the blue line denotes climatic mean of 1675 dagpm) with its anomaly (the shaded) at 100 hPa in stage 1, (b)geopotential height (the contour, unit:dagpm)(the red line denotes 1675 dagpm in stage 2, the blue line denotes climatic mean of 1675 dagpm) with its anomaly (the shaded) at 100 hPa in stage 2, (c)geopotential height (the contour, unit:dagpm)(the red line denotes 588 dagpm in stage 1, the blue line denotes climatic mean of 588 dagpm) with its anomaly (the shaded) at 500 hPa in stage 1, (d)geopotential height (the contour, unit:dagpm)(the red line denotes 588 dagpm in stage 2, the blue line denotes climatic mean of 588 dagpm) with its anomaly (the shaded) at 500 hPa in stage 2, (e)850 hPa temperature standardized anomalies (the shaded) and flow fields in stage 1, (f)850 hPa temperature standardized anomalies (the shaded) and flow fields in stage 2

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    Fig. 5  500 geopotential height (the contour, unit:dagpm) with its anomaly (the shaded), wave-activity flux (the vector) (a) and 300 hPa envelope function (unit:m) (b) from 17 Jun to 26 Jun in 2022

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    Fig. 6  Vertically integrated atmospheric apparent heat source (the shaded) (the red line denotes 588 dagpm in stage 2, the blue line denotes climatic mean of 588 dagpm) (a) and vertical velocity anomaly averaged over 110°-122°E(b) from 10 Jul to 25 Aug in 2022

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    Fig. 7  Time-latitude cross section over 110°-150°E(a) and time-longitude cross section over 15°-30°N(b) of vertically integrated atmospheric apparent heat source (the shaded) from Jul to Aug in 2022 (the black line denotes 588 dagpm)

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    Fig. 8  Evolutions of area average and anomalies of thermodynamic forcing terms for high temperature stages in summer of 2022

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    Fig. 9  Vertical profiles of area average thermodynamic forcing terms in summer of 2022

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    Fig. 10  Vertical anomalies profiles of area average thermodynamic forcing terms in summer of 2022

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    Fig. 11  Net solar radiation flux, net longwave radiation flux and net radiation flux in summer of 2022 (black boxes denote high temperature critical regions)

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    • Received : 2023-04-28
    • Accepted : 2023-06-16
    • Published : 2023-07-31
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