Statistical Characteristics and Regional Differences of Raindrop Size Distribution During 6 Typhoon Rainstorms in Shandong

Wang Jun; Zheng Lina; Wang Hong; Liu Chang

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20230408

Vol.34, NO.4, 2023

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Wang Jun, Zheng Lina, Wang Hong, et al. Statistical characteristics and regional differences of raindrop size distribution during 6 typhoon rainstorms in Shandong. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(4): 475-488. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230408.

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Wang Jun, Zheng Lina, Wang Hong, et al. Statistical characteristics and regional differences of raindrop size distribution during 6 typhoon rainstorms in Shandong. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(4): 475-488. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230408.

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Statistical Characteristics and Regional Differences of Raindrop Size Distribution During 6 Typhoon Rainstorms in Shandong

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20230408

Wang Jun^{1, 2
,
,},
Zheng Lina³,
Wang Hong²,
Liu Chang⁴

1.
Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Mitigation of Shandong, Jinan 250031
2.
Shandong Weather Modification Office, Jinan 250031
3.
Jinan Meteorological Bureau of Shandong, Jinan 250102
4.
Shandong Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 250031

Received Date: 2023-02-26
Rev Recd Date: 2023-06-05
Publish Date: 2023-07-31

Abstract

Abstract

Based on disdrometers, Doppler radar products and conventional meteorological observation, precipitation characteristics of typhoon rainstorms affecting Shandong from 2018 to 2021 are explored, and evolution characteristics of raindrop size distribution and integral parameters of typhoon raindrops are analyzed. lgN_w-D_m distribution shows that microphysical characteristics of different typhoons are different when entering Shandong. Ampil(1810), Rumbia(1818), Bavi(2008) and In-Fa(2106) are more maritime-like, while Yagi(1814) and Lekima(1909) are more continental-like. Microphysical characteristics of these typhoons are quite different after passing different distance and affected by the environment. Microphysical characteristics of Ampil and Bavi at two observation sites in north and south Shandong are similar, and rain drop size distribution (DSD) characteristics of their convective precipitation are maritime. Microphysical characteristics of Yagi are more continental when it enters Shandong. After moving northward, its DSD changes into a typical continental convective precipitation in northwest Shandong. DSD characteristics of Rumbia convective precipitation in Feicheng, Shandong Province are maritime, and change to continental near Guangrao under the influence of cold air, and then changes to maritime type over Laiyang after moving eastward. Microphysical characteristics of convective precipitation change several times. DSD characteristics of convective precipitation before Lekima denaturation are continental type (Lanling and Gaotang), while the spectral characteristics of convective precipitation DSD change to maritime (Linqu and Zhangqiu) during and after denaturation. In the process of In-Fa moving northward, the precipitation weakens obviously, and the microphysical characteristics of convective precipitation change significantly, from maritime in the south to continental in the north. The statistical relationships of various parameters between continental and maritime convective precipitation are different. The μ-λ statistical relation of the quadratic polynomial show that continental (maritime) precipitation generally has smaller (larger) constant terms except for Capricorn Texas, during which continental (maritime) precipitation generally has a slightly larger (slightly smaller) primary term and a smaller (larger) secondary term. However, Z-R relationship is complicated, and there are no significant differences between continental and maritime convective precipitation processes. Large index b is more likely to appear in continental precipitation processes, while small index b is more likely to appear in maritime precipitation processes. In addition, the proportion of equilibrium DSD is low, which can appear in both maritime and continental convective precipitation process, while the transition DSD with high proportion is more in continental convective precipitation processes.
- typhoon torrential rain;
- raindrop size distribution;
- equilibrium raindrop size distribution

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References(44)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Locations of Doppler weather radars (black hollow triangles), precipitation phenomenon instruments (black solid dots) and typhoon tracks

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Fig. 2 Average raindrop size distributions(N(D)) of different rain rate (R, unit: mm·h^-1) categories for typical stations

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图 3 代表站平均lgN_w-D_m分布

(绿色矩形框分别为海洋性和大陆性对流云降水分布区域，黑色虚线是层状云降水的平均分布)

Fig. 3 Average lgN_w-D_m for typical stations

(green rectangles denote maritime and continental convective clusters, the black dashed line denotes the average stratiform precipitation)

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Fig. 4 Coefficient A and index b of Z-R relationship for stratiform and convective precipitation for typical stations

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Fig. 5 Fitting curves of μ-λ polynomial relation for typical stations

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Fig. 6 Equilibrium raindrop size distribution of different rain rates

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Table 1 Sample number of seven rain rate (R, unit: mm·h^-1) categories for typical stations

台风	代表站	0.5＜R≤2	2＜R≤5	5＜R≤10	10＜R≤20	20＜R≤50	50＜R≤100	100＜R≤200
安比	五莲	394	257	196	126	100	4	0
安比	滨州	233	270	131	70	34	0	0
摩羯	台儿庄	444	299	160	142	90	45	5
	诸城	179	128	81	53	32	9	13
	德州	79	147	84	107	98	68	1
温比亚	广饶	343	185	128	107	186	89	0
温比亚	莱阳	165	223	151	88	61	40	5
利奇马	兰陵	295	243	259	234	144	25	0
	临朐	535	421	179	230	446	88	2
	章丘	1007	1136	816	707	145	0	0
	高唐	683	286	95	55	72	69	9
巴威	诸城	176	160	109	113	136	46	0
巴威	平度	134	166	170	128	86	8	0
烟花	台儿庄	622	437	330	205	128	15	1
烟花	平原	374	293	200	101	39	1	0

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Table 2 Percentage of raindrop size based on different maximum slopes (H_S, unit: m^-3·mm^-2) for typical stations (unit: %)

台风	代表站	H_S＞0.0	-0.5＜H_S≤0.0	-1.0＜H_S≤-0.5	-1.5＜H_S≤-1.0	-2.0＜H_S≤-1.5	H_S≤-2.0
安比	五莲	3.9	38.0	43.2	11.7	2.9	0.3
安比	滨州	8.8	50.5	35.3	4.9	0.5	0.0
摩羯	台儿庄	2.4	22.8	67.3	7.5	0.0	0.0
	诸城	29.3	44.8	23.6	2.3	0.0	0.0
	德州	2.0	77.8	19.9	0.3	0.0	0.0
温比亚	广饶	6.7	75.3	17.8	0.2	0.0	0.0
温比亚	莱阳	3.3	45.1	45.4	5.9	0.3	0.0
利奇马	兰陵	4.1	52.8	37.6	5.1	0.4	0.0
	临朐	0.8	54.6	41.6	2.9	0.1	0.0
	章丘	7.8	36.5	43.6	11.7	0.5	0.0
	高唐	15.6	62.7	20.3	1.5	0.0	0.0
巴威	诸城	10.3	49.1	37.1	3.2	0.3	0.0
巴威	平度	7.1	35.6	47.2	10.2	0.0	0.0
烟花	台儿庄	4.9	26.2	56.6	11.0	1.2	0.0
烟花	平原	9.2	51.8	35.1	3.6	0.3	0.0

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