Vol.35, NO.1, 2024
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Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2024  >  35(1): 103-117
Yang Huiling, Sun Yue, Xiao Hui, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of rainfall enhancement of gas cannon in Anhui Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(1): 103-117. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20240109.
Citation: Yang Huiling, Sun Yue, Xiao Hui, et al. Comprehensive evaluation of rainfall enhancement of gas cannon in Anhui Province. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(1): 103-117. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20240109.
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Comprehensive Evaluation of Rainfall Enhancement of Gas Cannon in Anhui Province

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240109
  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Cloud-precipitation and Severe Storms of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

  • 2.

    College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

  • 3.

    Anhui Weather Modification Office, Hefei 230061

  • 4.

    Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094

  • Received Date: 2023-10-24
  • Rev Recd Date: 2023-12-07
  • Publish Date: 2024-01-31
    Abstract
  • Gas cannon is a new type of equipment used for rainfall enhancement operating which comprehensively utilizes the influence of shock waves, sound waves, and catalysts to interfere with and catalyze local weather. At present, the use of gas cannons to conduct artificial weather operations in China is still in the experimental stage. Based on multi-source observations from dual-polarization weather radar, rain gauges and other equipment, the rainfall enhancement effect and the possible physical mechanism are comprehensively analyzed for 81 gas cannon operation cases in Anhui Province from 2021 to 2023. Observations of typical cases show that the effect of rainfall enhancement is better when the gas cannon is operated prior to the onset of rainfall, accompanied by an increase in the horizontal reflectivity factor ZH and the differential reflectivity ZDR, and the decrease in the co-polarization correlation coefficient ρhv. However, the effectiveness is poor when the operation is after the start of rainfall. It is observed that the cloud undergoes significant changes primarily in the sub-zero layer following the use of warm cloud catalyst, and the cloud changes rapidly but effects are short-lived. On the other hand, when a cold cloud catalyst is used, the cloud undergoes obvious changes in both the warm cloud region and the cold cloud region with a greater effecting range and longer duration of effects. This may be attributed to the impact of the cold cloud catalyst on the ice phase microphysical processes within the cloud. The increase in radar velocity spectrum width (SW) during the operation of a gas cannon may be caused by the increase in air vortex. Statistical results of hourly rainfall enhancement show that the number of cases of significant rainfall enhancement from the gas cannon is slightly higher than that of significant rainfall reduction. Among the three different types of operation timing, the rainfall enhancement effect is best for Type 2 (rainfall operation at the beginning). The significance of rainfall enhancement is negatively correlated with the duration of the operation, while the duration of the operation is negatively correlated with the increment of ZDR. Excessive sowing can lead to a reduction in rainfall. The significance of rainfall enhancement is negatively correlated with the amount of rainfall in the affected area prior to the operation. After the beginning of rainfall, the operational effectiveness of the gas cannon is poor. The rainfall enhancement is positively correlated with ZH, as well as with middle and low-level wind speed and wind shear. However, the enhancement of rainfall is negatively correlated with high-level wind speed. The high wind speed in the middle and high levels is not conducive to enhancing the rainfall through gas cannon operation. These results provide physical evidence for the effect of a gas cannon on cloud microphysical structure and rainfall.
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    References(35)

  • Fig. 1  Locations of gas cannon operation points,S-band dual-polarization weather radars and automatic weather stations

    (the red circles denote the radius of 230 km detection range with radars as centers)

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    Fig. 2  Construction of influence zone and leeward lateral contrast zone

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    Fig. 3  Observated hourly rainfall of typical cases before and after operation of the gas cannon (the inverted triangle)

    (colored circles denote the hourly rainfall at stations, the shaded denotes the interpolated hourly rainfall by inverted square of distance method, the barb denotes the wind at 700 hPa)

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    Fig. 4  Dual-polarization radar parameters before and after operation of Case 1 (the operation period is from 1110 BT to 1120 BT on 23 Jun 2022)

    (the vertical profile is the interpolation profile from 50 km upstream to 100 km downstream of the operation station along the horizontal wind direction at 700 hPa,similarly hereinafter)

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    Fig. 5  Dual-polarization radar parameters before and after operation of Case 2 (the operation period is from 1104 BT to 1144 BT on 28 Nov 2022)

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    Fig. 6  Dual-polarization radar parameters before and after operation of Case 3 (the operation period is from 1600 BT to 1700 BT on 16 Aug 2022)

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    Fig. 7  Statistical results of dual-polarization characteristic parameters at the lowest elevation (0.5°) before and after operation of Case 1

    (the black vertical lines denote the start and end time of the operations, similarly hereinafter)

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    Fig. 8  Statistical results of dual-polarization characteristic parameters at the lowest elevation (0.5°) before and after operation of Case 2

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    Fig. 9  Statistical results of dual-polarization characteristic parameters at the lowest elevation (0.5°) before and after operation of Case 3

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    Fig. 10  Statistical results of the distribution of rain increase and decrease in 3 different types of artificial rainfall enhancement operation time

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    Table  1  Correlation between radar parameters and rainfall

    变量 Δ2(ZH) S(ΔZH) Δ2(ZDR) S(ΔZDR)
    S(ΔR) 0.371*** 0.421*** 0.185 0.187
    Δ2(R) 0.426*** 0.390*** 0.001 -0.017
    作业时长 0.033 0.129 -0.206* -0.066
    注：*、**和***分别代表相关系数对应的显著性水平为0.1、0.05和0.01。
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    Table  2  Correlation between wind speed,windshear and rainfall of automatic rainfall stations

    变量 S(ΔR) Δ2(R)
    v500/(m·s-1) 0.147 -0.203*
    v700/(m·s-1) 0.201* 0.045
    v850/(m·s-1) 0.191* 0.034
    v925/(m·s-1) 0.261** 0.024
    s500_700/(m·s-1) 0.119 -0.131
    s700_850/(m·s-1) 0.210* -0.010
    s850_925/(m·s-1) 0.344*** 0.198*
    注：*、**和***分别代表相关系数对应的显著性水平为0.1、0.05和0.01。
    DownLoad: Download CSV
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    • Received : 2023-10-24
    • Accepted : 2023-12-07
    • Published : 2024-01-31
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