Vol.35, NO.4, 2024
Turn off MathJax
Article Contents
Article Navigation >  Journal of Applied Meteorological Science  > 2024  >  35(4): 385-399
Dong Quan, Chen Boyu, Hu Ning, et al. Comparison of two ice and snow storm processes in China in February 2024. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(4): 385-399. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20240401.
Citation: Dong Quan, Chen Boyu, Hu Ning, et al. Comparison of two ice and snow storm processes in China in February 2024. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(4): 385-399. DOI:  10.11898/1001-7313.20240401.
shu

Comparison of Two Ice and Snow Storm Processes in China in February 2024

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240401
  • 1.

    National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081

  • 2.

    Meteorological Observation Center of CMA, Beijing 100081

  • Received Date: 2024-05-19
  • Rev Recd Date: 2024-06-14
  • Publish Date: 2024-07-31
    Abstract
  • Two ice and snow storm processes hit middle and eastern China during 31 January to 7 February (Process Ⅰ) and 19 February to 25 February (Process Ⅱ) in 2024, which are the most extreme ice and snow events since 2009. After the long-lasting cryogenic freezing rain and snow weather in the beginning of 2008, studies about freezing rain and snow storm have effectively improved the ability of subjective forecast and objective forecast skills of these kinds of weather. However, the accuracy of forecasting ice, freezing rain, and snow storm cannot meet demands of society. Recently, the capability of new types of observations has significantly advanced, and the surface observation system is more complete. Utilizing these more comprehensive observations to analyze and compare characteristics of these two processes will be beneficial for precious, objective and quantitative forecast of ice and snow storm, ice-accretion for example.The ice and snow surface observations, reanalysis dataset, and new types of observations, including dual polarization radar and raindrop spectrum, are used to analyze the precipitation, snowfall, ice-accretion and so on. In addition, microphysical characteristics, atmospheric circulations, and stratification features of these two processes are summarized and compared, and causes for differences is researched. Results show that the affected areas, duration, and total amount of precipitation in these two processes are similar. Process Ⅰ is characterized by deeper ice-accretion and snow depth, while Process Ⅱ is characterized by a larger affected area and increased snowfall. The observation of dual polarization radar shows that there are three layers of precipitation drops for Process Ⅰ: An ice crystal layer, melting layer, and liquid layer from top to the bottom. However, there are four layers for Process Ⅱ which are ice crystal layer, melting layer, liquid layer and refrozen layer from top to the bottom. So, for Process Ⅰ, there is no significant refreezing, and the precipitation droplets are mainly supercooled liquid falling through the cold layer near the surface. Process Ⅰ is mainly characterized by freezing rain and deeper ice accretion. During Process Ⅱ, significant refrozen to mixed or solid precipitation near the surface happens which results in more ice pellets which is not good to ice-accretion. On the other hand, the density of ice pellets is larger than that of snow, resulting in thinner snow depth and less ice-acceration for Process Ⅱ. The atmospheric circulation and stratification features indicate that both processes are characterized by cooperation of Siberia high and southern branch trough. However, the lower-level jet and Siberia high of Process Ⅱ are stronger than that of Process Ⅰ, leading to stronger warm layer and cold layer in Process Ⅱ and the colder low level cold layer is the main reason for the significant ice pellet in Process Ⅱ.
    • FullText(HTML)
    References(44)

  • Fig. 1  Icing depth(the circle, unit:mm) and snow depth(the star, unit:cm) for Process Ⅰ

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 2  The same as in Fig. 1, but for Process Ⅱ

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 3  Total precipitation(unit:mm), maximum snow depth(unit:cm), and total snowfall(unit:mm) for Process Ⅰ and Process Ⅱ

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 4  CC, ZDR和KDP of dual polarization radar at 1.5° elevation for Anqing Station at 0300 BT 3 Feb 2024 and Fuyang Station at 0059 BT 21 Feb 2024

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 5  Raindrop spectrometer observations of raindrop numbers for different droplet size(a) and velocity(b) at Caidian Station, Wuhan from 0800 BT 3 Feb to 0800 BT 4 Feb in 2024

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 6  The same as in Fig. 5, but from 0800 BT 21 Feb to 0800 BT 22 Feb in 2024

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 7  Mean circulation and parameters for Process Ⅰ and Process Ⅱ

    (a)geopotential height(the contour, unit:gpm) and wind(the barb) at 500 hPa for Process Ⅰ, (b)geopotential height(the contour, unit:gpm) and wind(the barb) at 500 hPa for Process Ⅱ, (c)700 hPa wind(the barb) and total precipitable water(the isoline, unit:mm) for Process Ⅰ, (d)700 hPa wind(the barb) and total precipitable water(the isoline, unit:mm) for Process Ⅱ, (e)2 m temperature(the isoline, unit:℃) and 10 m wind(the barb) for Process Ⅰ, (f)2 m temperature(the isoline, unit:℃) and 10 m wind(the barb) for Process Ⅱ

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

    Fig. 8  Meridional speed(the shaded), temperature(the isoline, unit:℃) and wind(the barb) along 113°E between 25°-35°N varying with time at different height for Process Ⅰ and Process Ⅱ

    DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint
  • [1]
    Call D A.Changes in ice storm impacts over time:1886-2000.Weather Climate Soc, 2010, 2(1):23-35. doi:  10.1175/2009WCAS1013.1
    [2]
    Cortinas J Jr. A climatology of freezing rain in the great lakes region of North America. Mon Wea Rev, 2000, 128(10): 3574-3588. doi:  10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<3574:ACOFRI>2.0.CO;2
    [3]
    Yu B, Du J, Zhang L N. Characteristics of freezing rain in Beijing from 1960 to 2013. J Meteor Environ, 2016, 32(4): 113-118. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-LNQX201604015.htm
    [4]
    Ou J J, Zhou Y Q, Yang Q, et al. Analyses on spatial-temporal distributions and temperature-moisture structure of freezing rain in China. Plateau Meteor, 2011, 30(3): 692-699. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GYQX201103017.htm
    [5]
    Song Y L, Zhou G S, Guo J P, et al. Freezing injury of winter wheat in Northern China and delaying sowing date to adapt. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(4): 454-465. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220406
    [6]
    Wang Z L, Zhou X, Wu J H, et al. Weather conditions and cloud microphysical characteristics of an aircraft severe icing process. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(5): 555-567. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220504
    [7]
    Zerr R J. Freezing rain: An observational and theoretical study. J Appl Meteor, 1997, 36(12): 1647-1661. doi:  10.1175/1520-0450(1997)036<1647:FRAOAT>2.0.CO;2
    [8]
    Czys R R, Scott R W, Tang K C, et al. A physically based, nondimensional parameter for discriminating between locations of freezing rain and ice pellets. Wea Forecasting, 1996, 11(4): 591-598. doi:  10.1175/1520-0434(1996)011<0591:APBNPF>2.0.CO;2
    [9]
    Qi L B. Formation mechanism and forecast on freezing rain and ice pellet in winter of China. Meteor Mon, 2012, 38(7): 769-778. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX201207002.htm
    [10]
    Stewart R E, King P. Freezing precipitation in winter storms. Mon Wea Rev, 1987, 115(7): 1270-1280. doi:  10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<1270:FPIWS>2.0.CO;2
    [11]
    Lachapelle M, Thériault J M. Characteristics of precipitation particles and microphysical processes during the 11-12 January 2020 ice pellet storm in the Montréal area, Québec, Canada. Mon Wea Rev, 2022, 150(5): 1043-1059. doi:  10.1175/MWR-D-21-0185.1
    [12]
    Rahman K, Testik F Y. Shapes and fall speeds of freezing and frozen raindrops. J Hydrometeorol, 2020, 21(6): 1311-1331. doi:  10.1175/JHM-D-19-0204.1
    [13]
    Tobin D M, Kumjian M R. Polarimetric radar and surface-based precipitation-type observations of ice pellet to freezing rain transitions. Wea Forecasting, 2017, 32(6): 2065-2082. doi:  10.1175/WAF-D-17-0054.1
    [14]
    Yang G M, Kong Q, Mao D Y, et al. Analysis of the long-lasting cryogenic freezing rain and snow weather in the beginning of 2008. Acta Meteor Sinica, 2008, 66(5): 836-849. doi:  10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2008.05.016
    [15]
    Wang D H, Liu C J, Liu Y, et al. A preliminary analysis of features and causes of the snow storm event over the Southern China in January 2008. Acta Meteor Sinica, 2008, 66(3): 405-422. doi:  10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2008.03.011
    [16]
    Zhao S X, Sun J H. Multi-scale systems and conceptual model on freezing rain and snow storm over Southern China during January-February 2008. Clim Environ Res, 2008, 13(4): 351-367. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHYH200804002.htm
    [17]
    Yang G M, Mao D Y, Kong Q. Analysis of the frontal characteristics of the cryogenic freezing rain and snow weather. Acta Meteor Sinica, 2009, 67(4): 652-665. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXB200904015.htm
    [18]
    Sun J H, Zhao S X. Quasi-stationary front and stratification structure of the freezing rain and snow storm over Southern China in January 2008. Clim Environ Res, 2008, 13(4): 368-384. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QHYH200804003.htm
    [19]
    Zong Z P, Ma J. The relationship between the strength variability of freezing rain and the character of inversion in the beginning of 2008. Meteor Mon, 2011, 37(2): 156-160. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX201102005.htm
    [20]
    Huang X Y, Li Z X, Li C, et al. Analysis on extreme freeze catastrophic weather of Hunan in 2008. Meteor Mon, 2008, 34(11): 47-53. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX200811008.htm
    [21]
    Chen H X, Chen Y, Lu E, et al. Anomalous moisture and temperature characteristics in precipitation process during January 2008 heavy snowstorm in China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(5): 525-535. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20150502
    [22]
    Gao H, Chen L J, Jia X L, et al. Analysis of the severe cold surge, ice-snow and frozen disasters in South China during January 2008: Ⅱ. Possible climatic causes. Meteor Mon, 2008, 34(4): 101-106. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX200804014.htm
    [23]
    Zong Z P, Ma J, Zhang H D, et al. Analysis on the spatial-temporal characteristics of freezing rain in recent decades. Meteor Mon, 2013, 39(7): 813-820. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX201307003.htm
    [24]
    Chen X Y, Wang C G, Dai Z W, et al. Characteristic and causes of severe freezing rain and snowstorm in early 2018 in Jiangxi. Meteor Disaster Reduct Res, 2018, 41(4): 270-277. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HXQO201804004.htm
    [25]
    Du X L, Peng F, Wu W H. Distribution and cause on frequent freezing rain zone in Guizhou. Meteor Mon, 2010, 36(5): 92-97. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX201005015.htm
    [26]
    Gan W Q, Lan W, Du X L, et al. Tentative analysis on the cause of a low-temperature, freezing rain and snow event in Guizhou between the end of January and the beginning of February in 2018. Torrential Rain Disasters, 2018, 37(5): 410-420. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HBQX201805003.htm
    [27]
    Li J B, Li G E, Pei Y J, et al. Analysis on the phase transformation of precipitation during a strong cold wave happened in spring. Meteor Mon, 2009, 35(7): 87-94. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX200907014.htm
    [28]
    Chen Y, Cao Y, Sun J, et al. Progress of fine gridded quantitative precipitation forecast technology of National Meteorological Centre. Meteor Mon, 2021, 47(6): 655-670. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX202106002.htm
    [29]
    Bi B G, Dai K, Wang Y, et al. Advances in techniques of quantitative precipitation forecast. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2016, 27(5): 534-549. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20160503
    [30]
    Dong Q, Huang X Y, Zong Z P. Comparison of artificial nueral network and linear regression methods in forecasting precipitation types. Meteor Mon, 2013, 39(3): 324-332. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX201303007.htm
    [31]
    Dong Q, Hu N, Zong Z P. Application and verification of the ECMWF precipitation type forecast product(PTYPE). Meteor Mon, 2020, 46(9): 1210-1221. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QXXX202009008.htm
    [32]
    Dong Q, Zhang F, Zong Z P. Objective precipitation type forecast based on ECMWF ensemble prediction product. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(5): 527-542. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200502
    [33]
    Wang L, Chen Q Y, Hu J L, et al. Application of rain and snow phase criterion based on ice-phase particle content forecast by CMA-MESO. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2023, 34(6): 655-667. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20230602
    [34]
    Liu Y L, Ren G Y, Sun X B. Establishment and verification of single threshold temperature model for partition precipitation phase separation. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2018, 29(4): 449-459. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20180406
    [35]
    Lu H, Zhai P M, Qin W J, et al. A particle swarm optimization-neural network ensemble prediction model for persistent freezing rain and snow storm in Southern China. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2015, 26(5): 513-524. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20150501
    [36]
    Li J, Guo X L, Sheng R F, et al. Statistical analysis of observed properties of ice-pellet precipitation in China. Trans Atmos Sci, 2016, 39(3): 349-360. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJQX201603007.htm
    [37]
    Li Z, Wu C, Liu L P, et al. Error evaluation and hydrometeor classification method of dual polarization phased array radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(1): 16-28. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220102
    [38]
    Zhang L, Li F, Wu L, et al. Non-precipitation identification technique for CINRAD/SAD dual polarimetric weather radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2022, 33(6): 724-735. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20220607
    [39]
    Xu S Y, Wu C, Liu L P. Parameter improvements of hydrometeor classification algorithm for the dual-polarimetric radar. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2020, 31(3): 350-360. doi:  10.11898/1001-7313.20200309
    [40]
    Thériault J M, Stewart R E, Henson W. On the dependence of winter precipitation types on temperature, precipitation rate, and associated features. J Appl Meteor Climatol, 2010, 49(7): 1429-1442.
    [41]
    Thériault J M, Stewart R E. On the effects of vertical air velocity on winter precipitation types. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci, 2007, 7(2): 231-242.
    [42]
    Lü K L, Xu Y Z, Tan Z M. Dynamic Meteorology(2nd Ed). Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2014.
    [43]
    Wu X, Sun P J, Xiong H X, et al. A conductor icing model based on parameters of conventional meteorological observations. Trans Atmos Sci, 2012, 35(3): 335-341. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-NJQX201203008.htm
    [44]
    Jones K F. A simple model for freezing rain ice loads. Atmos Res, 1998, 46(1/2): 87-97.
    • Relative Articles
    • Supplements(0)
    • Cited By
  • 加载中
  • -->

Catalog

    Figures(8)

    Get Citation
    PDF
    XML
    Article views (1555) PDF downloads(286) Cited by()
    • Received : 2024-05-19
    • Accepted : 2024-06-14
    • Published : 2024-07-31
    Journal Online
    Contact

    © 2020 Journal of Applied Meteorological Science   京ICP备15006967号-1

    Supported by Beijing Renhe Information Technology Co. Ltd

    /

    DownLoad:  Full-Size Img  PowerPoint
    Return