Variations of Ozone Concentration with Its Impacts on Cities of Xizang

Chen Yi; Guo Shuzheng; Zhang Tiantian; Lin Weili

doi:10.11898/1001-7313.20240607

Vol.35, NO.6, 2024

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Chen Yi, Guo Shuzheng, Zhang Tiantian, et al. Variations of ozone concentration with its impacts on cities of Xizang. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(6): 715-724. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240607.

Citation:

Chen Yi, Guo Shuzheng, Zhang Tiantian, et al. Variations of ozone concentration with its impacts on cities of Xizang. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(6): 715-724. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240607.

Chen Yi, Guo Shuzheng, Zhang Tiantian, et al. Variations of ozone concentration with its impacts on cities of Xizang. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(6): 715-724. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240607.

Citation:

Chen Yi, Guo Shuzheng, Zhang Tiantian, et al. Variations of ozone concentration with its impacts on cities of Xizang. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2024, 35(6): 715-724. DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240607.

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Variations of Ozone Concentration with Its Impacts on Cities of Xizang

DOI: 10.11898/1001-7313.20240607

Chen Yi^{1, 2},
Guo Shuzheng^{1, 2},
Zhang Tiantian^{1, 2},
Lin Weili^{1, 2
,
,}

1.
Key Laboratory of Ecology and Environment in Minority Areas, Minzu University of China, National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Beijing 100081
2.
College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081

Received Date: 2024-07-04
Rev Recd Date: 2024-09-09
Publish Date: 2024-11-30

Abstract

Abstract

Under the harsh environmental conditions characterized by intense ultraviolet radiation and elevated ozone (O₃) background, the temporal dynamics of atmospheric O₃ concentrations and their associated environmental ramifications in the densely populated and emission-concentrated urban regions of the Tibetan Plateau have garnered considerable scientific interest. This comprehensive study meticulously compiles O₃ concentration data spanning 2015 to 2023 from 7 cities of Xizang, conducting rigorous trend analyses and employing a robust suite of 13 risk assessment indicators to gauge the implications for human health and ecological vegetation. It shows that O₃ concentrations of these cities demonstrate significant geographical variations, with the central city of Lhasa recording the highest O₃ mass concentration, while those in the southern cities of Shannan and Rikaze are relatively lower. O₃ concentrations of Nagqu, located in the north, are comparable to those of Lhasa and are significantly higher than those of Ali in the west, as well as those of Linzhi and Changdu in the east Plateau. O₃ concentrations of Changdu and Linzhi peak in June and March-April, respectively, while the other cities reach their peaks in May. Since 2015, interannual variations in O₃ concentrations of Ali, Nagqu, Lhasa, and Linzhi do not show statistically significant trends. In contrast, Shannan, Rikaze, and Changdu experience significant increases in concentration. Specifically, AMDA8_max and AMDA8_4th in Rikaze and Changdu increase significantly, whereas the other cities show decreasing trends. Similarly, both NDGT90 and NDGT70 exhibit comparable trends. SOMO35 indicator, which indicates human health risks, and AOT40 and W126 indicators, which are closely related to ecological vegetation and crop growth, show a high degree of consistency in their trends relative to diurnal O₃ concentration changes. In Lhasa, values of these indicators exceed safety thresholds, particularly during spring and summer, highlighting the combined effect of high background O₃ concentrations in the Plateau and intensified O₃ photochemical formation due to anthropogenic emissions, posing potential threats to human health and ecosystems. Although the current O₃-related risk indicators of Rikaze and Changdu have not yet reached critical levels, their significant upward trends should not be overlooked. With the continuous rise in anthropogenic pollutant emissions in the region, adverse effects of O₃ photochemical formation are anticipated to intensify. Therefore, there is an urgent need to enhance monitoring and assessment in these cities and to implement effective measures to mitigate or control O₃ pollution, thereby safeguarding regional environmental security and promoting sustainable development.
- Xizang;
- cities;
- O₃;
- health effects;
- ecological risks

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References(38)

Figures and Tables

Fig. 1 Averaged annual variation(a) and diurnal variation(b) of O₃ mass concentrations of 7 cities in Xizang

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Fig. 2 Comparison of O₃ exposure risk metric among 7 cities in Xizang

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Fig. 3 Averaged seasonal variations in SdAVG of 7 cities in Xizang

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Fig. 4 Seasonal variations in AOT40 of 7 cities in Xizang

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Fig. 5 Seasonal variations in W126 of 7 cities in Xizang

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Table 1 Definition of O₃ evaluation metrics

指标名称	简称	单位	主要用途	文献来源
所有小时O₃质量浓度年平均值	AAVG	μg·m^-3	环境变化	[14]
所有白天(10:00—21:59)小时O₃质量浓度年平均值	AdAVG	μg·m^-3	环境变化	[14]
不同季节所有小时O₃质量浓度平均值	SAVG	μg·m^-3	环境变化	[14]
不同季节白天(10:00—21:59)小时O₃质量浓度平均值	SdAVG	μg·m^-3	环境变化	[14]
日连续8 h平均O₃质量浓度最大值	MDA8	μg·m^-3	人体健康
日连续8 h平均O₃质量浓度年最大值	AMDA8_max	μg·m^-3	人体健康	[14]
日连续8 h O₃质量浓度年第4高值	AMDA8_4th	μg·m^-3	人体健康	[14]
日连续8 h O₃质量浓度最大值与69 μg·m^-3正差值的年总和	SOMO35	μg·m^-3·d	人体健康	[21]
日连续8 h O₃质量浓度最大值与69 μg·m^-3之间的正差值的季节总和	SSOMO35	μg·m^-3·d	人体健康	[21]
每年MDA8大于176 μg·m^-3的日数	NDGT90	d	人体健康	[14]
每年MDA8大于137 μg·m^-3的日数	NDGT70	d	人体健康	[14]
3个月内所有白天(10:00—21:59)小时O₃质量浓度与78 μg·m^-3正差值总和	AOT40	μg·m^-3·h	生态植被	[22]
3个月内所有白天(10:00—21:59)小时O₃浓度质量加权总和	W126	μg·m^-3·h	生态植被	[23]

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Table 2 Variations in annual O₃ mass concentrations of 7 cities in Xizang(unit:μg·m^-3)

年份	阿里	那曲	拉萨	山南	日喀则	林芝	昌都
2015	63.3±29.2	64.8±31.7	80.1±33.1	75.2±27.4	52.3±27.8	68.0±28.8	58.4±25.1
2016	67.4±36.4	75.4±28.6	77.2±38.6	78.2±36.6	33.3±22.3	62.1±28.4	42.9±18.0
2017	64.5±33.9	84.4±33.3	73.9±31.5	73.7±31.7	46.0±21.4	69.0±29.0	89.7±31.7
2018	64.7±32.1	85.8±31.9	80.7±32.5	82.1±31.7	53.7±24.3	75.2±30.0	79.9±32.1
2019	57.2±28.4	78.8±26.8	75.8±29.8	79.3±32.5	56.6±24.3	67.6±25.3	78.6±30.2
2020	60.0±25.9	74.6±26.3	72.1±28.8	80.1±29.8	61.5±24.7	65.0±25.9	89.9±32.7
2021	66.4±27.6	74.3±25.5	73.9±27.0	80.5±29.6	72.9±31.0	62.1±25.1	96.4±30.8
2022	68.6±26.6	83.9±27.0	82.3±26.1	84.6±29.2	77.0±29.2	68.4±24.1	98.2±29.8
2023	67.8±29.0	80.5±26.8	87.2±33.1	82.7±31.2	80.3±27.8	71.9±28.0	92.5±29.2

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Table 3 Annual trends in different O₃ metrics of 7 cities in Xizang

城市	AAVG/(μg·m^-3·a^-1)	AdAVG/(μg·m^-3·a^-1)	AMDA8_max/(μg·m^-3·a^-1)	AMDA8_4th/(μg·m^-3·a^-1)	SOMO35/(μg·m^-3·a^-1)	NDGT90/(d·a^-1)	NDGT70/(d·a^-1)
阿里	0.18	-0.19	-6.50^*	-0.66	-120	-0^*	-2
那曲	0.48	0.39	-1.34	-1.29	9	-0	-1
拉萨	0.30	-0.02	-2.01^*	-1.32	-30	-1	-2
山南	0.51^*	0.50^*	-1.49	-0.12	121	-0	2
日喀则	2.60^*	2.76^*	2.66	2.82^*	613^*	-0	2^*
林芝	0.09	-0.08	-2.82	-0.87	-43	-0	-1
昌都	2.76^*	3.02^*	3.53	3.56^*	731^*	1	7^*
注：* 表示达到0.05显著性水平。

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Table 4 Trends of O₃ metrics in different seasons of 7 cities in Xizang

城市	季节	SAVG/(μg·m^-3·a^-1)	SdAVG/(μg·m^-3·a^-1)	SSOMO35/(μg·m^-3·d·a^-1)	AOT40/(μg·m^-3·h·a^-1)	W126/(μg·m^-3·h·a^-1)
阿里	春	0.13	-0.25	-34	-216	-551
	夏	-0.01	-0.37	-55	-261	-366
	秋	0.28	-0.17	-29	-157	-87
	冬	-0.06	-0.32	-45	-261	-178
那曲	春	1.34	1.34	84	729	500
	夏	-0.23	-0.36	-34	-279	-453
	秋	-0.08	-0.31	-35	-218	-169
	冬	-0.46	-0.57	-80	-484	-350
拉萨	春	0.01	-0.38	-46	-133	-614
	夏	0.07	-0.23	-26	-206	-366
	秋	0.81	0.33	24	229	195
	冬	-0.11	-0.12	-37	-189	-110
山南	春	0.62	0.69	58	776	938
	夏	0.64	0.67	44	411	519
	秋	0.48	0.35	27	258^*	169
	冬	-0.35	-0.18	-50	-261	-228
日喀则	春	2.33^*	2.41^*	211^*	1832^*	1849^*
	夏	3.00^*	3.31^*	208^*	1639^*	1686^*
	秋	2.75^*	2.79^*	145^*	777	539^*
	冬	2.07^*	2.11^*	59	278	166
林芝	春	0.16	-0.01	-6	80	-111
	夏	-0.01	-0.26	-27	-194	-215
	秋	-0.01	-0.18	-16	-112	-48
	冬	-0.38	-0.41	-51	-280	-188
昌都	春	2.56	2.75	207^*	1931^*	2370^*
	夏	3.87^*	4.26^*	338^*	3015^*	4169^*
	秋	2.55^*	2.83^*	172^*	1168^*	949
	冬	1.75	2.06	68	399	255
注：* 表示达到0.05显著性水平。

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