Direct Use of Satellite Sounding Radiances in Numerical Weather Prediction

The paper described comprehensively that the satellite sounding radiances can be used directly in NWP, not have to be retrieved by use of profiles of temperature and humidity. The roles of variational algorithm for direct use of radiances and the calculation of the adjoint equation are presented. The direct method is very flexible and can in principle be applied to ATOVS’ radiance inversion. And, the some aspects the direct use in operational NWP are also introduced