Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Elemental Carbon in PM<sub>2.5</sub> During Winter in Taiyuan

Meng Zhaoyang; Zhang Huaide; Jiang Xiaoming; Yan Peng; Wang Yan; Lin Weili; Zhang Yangmei; Wang Shufeng

Vol.18, NO.4, 2007

Article Contents

Article Navigation > Journal of Applied Meteorological Science > 2007 > 18(4): 524-531

Meng Zhaoyang, Zhang Huaide, Jiang Xiaoming, et al. Characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM2.5 during winter in Taiyuan. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2007, 18(4): 524-531.

Citation:

Meng Zhaoyang, Zhang Huaide, Jiang Xiaoming, et al. Characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM_2.5 during winter in Taiyuan. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2007, 18(4): 524-531.

Meng Zhaoyang, Zhang Huaide, Jiang Xiaoming, et al. Characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM2.5 during winter in Taiyuan. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2007, 18(4): 524-531.

Citation:

Meng Zhaoyang, Zhang Huaide, Jiang Xiaoming, et al. Characteristics of organic carbon and elemental carbon in PM_2.5 during winter in Taiyuan. J Appl Meteor Sci, 2007, 18(4): 524-531.

PDF( 600 KB)

Characteristics of Organic Carbon and Elemental Carbon in PM_2.5 During Winter in Taiyuan

1.
Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of CMA, Center for Atmospheric Watch and Services of CMA, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081
2.
Shanxi Meteorological Sciences Institute, Taiyuan 030002
3.
Chemical Defense Institute, Beijing 102205

Received Date: 2006-05-29
Rev Recd Date: 2006-12-29
Publish Date: 2007-08-31

Abstract

Abstract

Taiyuan is a city characterized by coal-combustion pollution. Aerosol is one of the main pollutants in Taiyuan. The primary objectives of the study are to examine the temporal variations of PM_2.5, OC, EC concentrations with OC/EC ratio during winter in Taiyuan, and to find and understand the correlations among PM_2.5, OC, EC, OC/EC ratio and meteorological factors. Continuous observation of PM_2.5 is conducted in Taiyuan during high pollution seasons from December 18, 2005 to February 3, 2006. PM_2.5 samples are obtained from the rooftop of Shanxi Meteorological Sciences Institute. PM_2.5 samples are collected every day using TEOM series 1400a ambient particulate monitor-ACCU. The samples are collected on 47 mm Whatman quartz microfiber filters. Continuous meteorological data are obtained from Shanxi Meteorological Observatory. EC and OC in PM_2.5 are determined by Sunset carbon analyzer.The study shows that the concentrations of PM_2.5, OC and EC are high during winter in Taiyuan. The daily concentration of PM_2.5 varies from 25.4 to 419.0 μg/m³ with the average of 193.4±102.3 μg/m³. According to the standard of daily average value of PM_2.5 (65 μg/m³) published by US EPA in 1997, 89% of daily average PM_2.5 values exceeds the US air quality standard during winter, which shows fine particles pollution is serious during winter in Taiyuan. The average OC concentration is 28.9±14.8 μg/m³, while EC is 4.8±2.2 μg/m³. The highest values/lowest values of OC and EC are 3.3, 1.1, respectively. High variability of OC concentrations may be due to the contributions of different emission sources. The OC and EC levels at Taiyuan, especially OC, are higher than other urban cities, reflecting more severe carbonaceous pollution in Taiyuan. OC and EC account for 18.6% and 2.9% of PM_2.5, respectively, which indicates that carbonaceous aerosols are key components for controlling fine particles pollution in Taiyuan. Coal combustion from residential heating during winter is the major emission source of OC and EC, and the emission of OC increases largely relative to EC during winter. The most OC/EC ratios exceed 2.0 and average OC/EC ratio is 7.0±3.9 in winter. Higher OC/EC ratios are found during heating seasons with increased primary emission sources like coal combustion. The OC-EC correlation is low during winter in Taiyuan city, pointing to the complex of emission sources. The meteorological conditions have significant effects on the ambient concentrations of PM_2.5, OC, EC and OC/EC ratio. Fog, the relative humidity, wind speed and snows are major factors that influence the concentration variation of carbonaceous aerosols. Positive correlation exists between PM_2.5, OC and OC/EC ratio with relative humidity, meanwhile negative correlation exists between PM_2.5, OC, EC and OC/EC ratio with the visibility and wind speed.
- fine particle (PM_2.5);
- organic carbon (OC);
- element carbon (EC);
- Taiyuan city

FullText(HTML)

References(23)

Figures and Tables

图 1 观测期间PM_2.5日平均浓度逐日变化

Fig. 1 Temporal variation of daily concentrations of PM_2.5

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

图 2 观测期间OC, EC日平均浓度、OC/EC和气象要素的逐日变化

Fig. 2 Temporal variations of daily levels of OC, EC, OC/EC and meteorological conditions

DownLoad: Full-Size Img PowerPoint

表 1 PM_2.5, OC和EC浓度表 (单位:μg·m^-3)

Table 1 Concentration of PM_2.5, OC and EC (unit:μg·m^-3)

表 2 太原市冬季PM_2.5中OC, EC平均质量浓度及与其他城市水平比较

Table 2 Average concentrations of OC and EC in PM_2.5 of Taiyuan and comparison with other cities

表 3 OC, EC占PM_2.5的比例和OC/EC比值

Table 3 Percentage of OC, EC in PM_2.5 and OC/EC ratio

表 4 太原市冬季PM_2.5, OC, EC与各种气象要素相关关系

Table 4 The correlation between PM_2.5, OC, EC and meteorological factors

References

[1]	Houghton J T, Ding Y, Griggs D J, et al. IPCC 2001: The Scientific Basis. London: Cambridge University Press, 2001: 289-348.
[2]	Zhang R J, Wang M X, Xia X G. Chemical composition of aerosols in winter/spring in Beijing. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2002, 14(1): 7-11. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/11476531_Chemical_composition_of_aerosols_in_winterspring_in_Beijing
[3]	汤洁, 温玉璞, 周凌, 等.中国西部大气清洁地区黑碳气溶胶的观测研究.应用气象学报, 1999, 10(2): 160-170. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=19990255&flag=1
[4]	温玉璞, 徐晓斌, 汤洁, 等.青海瓦里关大气气溶胶元素富集特征.应用气象学报, 2001, 12(4): 400-407. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=20010455&flag=1
[5]	杨东贞, 于海青, 丁国安, 等.北京北郊冬季低空大气气溶胶分析.应用气象学报, 2002, 13(特刊): 113-126. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YYQX2002S1012.htm
[6]	丁国安, 郑向东, 马建中, 等.近30年大气化学和大气环境研究回顾.应用气象学报, 2006, 17(6): 796-814. http://qikan.camscma.cn/jams/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?file_no=200606128&flag=1
[7]	Seinfel J H, Pandis S N. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change. Wiley, New York, 1998: 700-703.
[8]	Offenberg J H, baker J E. Aerosol size distribution of elemental and organic carbon in urban and over-water atmospheres. Atmos Environ, 2000, 34: 1509-1517. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00412-4
[9]	Kirkevag A, Iverson T, Dahlback A. On radiative effects of black carbon and sulphate aerosols. Atmos Environ, 1999, 33: 2621-2635. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(98)00309-4
[10]	Chan Y C. Source apportionment of visibility degradation problems in Brisbane using the multiple linear regression techniques. Atmos Environ, 1999, 33: 3237-3250. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00091-6
[11]	黄虹, 李顺诚, 曹军骥, 等.气溶胶有机碳元素碳基本特征研究的前沿动向.环境科学与技术, 2005, 28(3): 112-114. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-FJKS200503045.htm
[12]	刘新民, 邵敏, 曾立民, 等.珠江三角洲地区气溶胶中含碳物质的研究.环境科学, 2002, 23(增刊): 54-59. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKZ2002S1011.htm
[13]	Cao J J, Chow J C, Lee S C, et al. Characterization and source apportionment of atmospheric organic and elemental carbon during fall and winter of 2003 in Xi'an, China. Atmos Chem Phys, 2005, 5: 3561-3593. doi: 10.5194/acpd-5-3561-2005
[14]	于建华, 虞统, 杨晓光, 等.北京冬季PM_2.5中元素碳、有机碳的污染特征.环境科学研究, 2004, 17(1): 48-55. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJKX200401011.htm
[15]	Ho K F, Lee S C, Yu J C, et al. Carbonaceous characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter in Hong Kong. The Science of Total Environment, 2002, 300: 59-67. doi: 10.1016/S0048-9697(02)00281-4
[16]	Lin J J, Tai H S. Concentrations and distributions of carbonaceous species in ambient particles in Kaohsiung City, Taiwan. Atmos Environ, 2001, 35: 2627-2636. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00444-1
[17]	Lee H S, Kang B W. Chemical characteristics of principal PM_2.5 species in Chongju, South Korea. Atmos Environ, 2001, 35: 739-746. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(00)00267-3
[18]	Funasaka K, Miyazari T, Tsurubo K, et al. Relationship between indoor and outdoor carbonaceous particulates in roadside households. Environment Pollution, 2000, 110: 127-134. doi: 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00281-X
[19]	Butler A J, Andrew M S, Russell A G. Daily sampling of PM_2.5 in Atlanta: Results of the first year of the assessment of spatial aerosol composition in Atlanta study. J Geophys Res, 2003, 108 (D7), 8415, doi: 10.1029/2002JD002234.
[20]	黄虹, 李顺诚, 曹军骥, 等.广州市夏季室内外PM_2.5中有机碳、元素碳的分布特征.环境科学学报, 2005, 25(9): 1242-1249. http://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJXX200509016.htm
[21]	Turpin B J, Cary R A, Huntzicker J J. An in-situ, time-resolved analyzed for aerosol organic and elemental carbon. Aerosol Science Technology, 1990, 12: 161-171. doi: 10.1080/02786829008959336
[22]	Streets D G, Gupta S, Waldho S T, et al. Black carbon emissions in China. Atmos Environ, 2001, 35: 4281-4296. doi: 10.1016/S1352-2310(01)00179-0
[23]	Hansen A D A, Bodhaine B A, Dutton E G, et al. Aerosol black carbon measurements at the south pole: Initial results, 1986—1987. Geophysi Res Lett, 1988, 15: 1193-1196. doi: 10.1029/GL015i011p01193