The System Development and Applications for Space Weather Monitoring and Warning Based on FY-2 Geostationary Meteorological Satellite

The FY-2 satellites are a series of geosynchronous meteorological satellites, which are instrumented to observe high-energy particles and solar X-ray fluxes except for meteorological observation. The spatial particle detector and solar X-ray detector are carried by the satellites. The high-energy particles detector has 7 energy channels to detect ³He (3.5—26 MeV), ⁴He (3.5—26 MeV), P1(3.5—26 MeV), P2(10—26 MeV), P3(26—100 MeV), P4( > 1.1 MeV) and E ( > 1.4 MeV). And the solar X-ray detector has 10 energy channels which range from 4 keV to 100 keV to detect the solar X-ray fluxes. The solar activity level is directly revealed by these observations, and a real-time monitor of the X-ray storm, proton event and electronic event is provided. Additionally, these X-ray detection data can be used to make early-warnings of space environment disasters. The design of the FY-2 geostationary meteorological satellites data processing software for space environment monitor is introduced, which is a part of the first-phase project of space weather monitoring and warning system, supported by China Meteorological Administration. It is presented how to process the data from energetic particle detector and solar X-ray monitor. Through some examples, the X-ray energetic spectrum characteristics of proton events and the hard X-ray change characteristics during whole proton event are analyzed. Several proton event forecast rules are also summarized. It is detected by the FY-2 satellite that there are X-ray storm and high-energy proton event caused by the solar strong activities from Oct 28, 2003 to Oct 29, 2003.The first X-ray storm is on from 10:57 to 11:49 on Oct 28, and the hard X-ray storm is stronger than the soft. A strong storm lasts from 12:40 to 13:51 on Oct 28, during which the high current of X-ray is kept about 20 hours. From the X-ray power spectrum, it is found that the hard X-ray flux has an impulsive increase corresponding to the hard X-ray flux. The proton event begins on Oct 28, 13:55, and lasts for 24 hours. From Nov 1 to Nov 3, 2003, two solar flares are found by the FY-2 satellites, one of which is not a proton flare, and the other is. Some different rules of the two flares can be found from the FY-2 data. The no-proton flare lasts for more than ten hours from 21:00 on Nov 1 to 14:00 on Nov 2, but its X-ray spectrum is stable, and the hard X-ray has similar changes to the soft. The X-ray current enhances on Nov 2, 18:20, and the hard X-ray becomes stronger than the soft. Then, the proton event happens at 20:40 on Nov 2. The X-ray power spectrum shows that the hard X-ray has an impulsive increase corresponding to the hard X-ray flux.